平急两用公共基础设施嵌入国土空间规划体系建设路径探索
王威 , 朱峻佚 , 田颖 , 王纯 , 侯本伟 , 郭小东 , 杜修力
中国工程科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5) : 94 -111.
平急两用公共基础设施嵌入国土空间规划体系建设路径探索
Construction Path for Dual-Use Public Infrastructure within the Territorial Space Planning System
在推进城市韧性安全建设与国家治理体系现代化的宏观背景下,平急两用公共基础设施已成为统筹城市发展与安全的关键空间载体;然而,当前平急两用理念在规划层面的落实面临顶层设计缺失、传导机制断层及多部门协同壁垒等系统性挑战。本文系统梳理了平急两用公共基础设施的概念演进与政策脉络,剖析了其与国土空间规划“五级三类”体系融合的法理逻辑与衔接痛点。研究表明,平急两用建设绝非单一工程项目的叠加,而是国土空间治理逻辑的深层变革。通过北京、成都、西安3个典型城市的案例比较与模式总结,识别出规划法理冲突、指标传导失效、空间布局错位及标准规范不完备四大核心瓶颈,基于系统论、规划整合、协同治理与全生命周期理论,构建了“战略统领 ‒ 空间约束 ‒ 设施协同 ‒ 实施落地”的闭环嵌入框架,提出了涵盖顶层设计指引、规划编制体系优化、协同治理体系重构及法规标准完善4个维度的系统化嵌入路径。将平急两用要求从政策话语转化为法定规划管控要求,可为实现“多规合一”下的平急协同与城市韧性提升提供理论支撑和策略参考。
In the context of advancing urban resilience and modernizing the national governance system, dual-use public infrastructure has emerged as a pivotal spatial carrier for coordinating urban development and security. However, the implementation of the dual-use concept at the planning level faces systemic challenges, including the lack of top-level design, disconnections in transmission mechanisms, and barriers to cross-departmental coordination. This study reviews the conceptual evolution and policy trajectory of dual-use public infrastructure, and explores the jurisprudential logic and integration challenges concerning its alignment with the five-level, three-category territorial space planning system. The study reveals that the development of dual-use infrastructure is by no means a mere stacking of individual projects; rather, it represents a profound transformation of the logic underpinning territorial space governance. Through a comparative case study of three typical cities (i.e., Beijing, Chengdu, and Xi'an), the study identifies four core bottlenecks: jurisprudential conflicts in planning, ineffective indicator transmission, spatial misallocation, and incomplete standards and specifications. Drawing upon the system theory, planning integration theory, collaborative governance theory, and whole-life cycle management theory, this study constructs a closed-loop embedding framework consisting of strategic leadership, spatial constraints, facility coordination, and practical implementation. Accordingly, a systematic embedding pathway is proposed, encompassing four dimensions: strengthening top-level design guidance, optimizing the planning compilation system, reconstructing a collaborative governance framework, and refining laws and standards. This research aims to translate dual-use requirements from policy discourse into statutory planning control requirements, providing theoretical support and strategic references for achieving dual-use coordination and enhancing urban resilience.
| [1] |
钟爽,陈莫菲,郑桂贤. 复杂适应系统下政府应急协作网络适应性研究:基于北京市“23·7”特大暴雨的社会网络分析[J]. 公共行政评论,2026,19(1):63-82. |
| [2] |
Zhong S,Chen M F,Zheng G X. Adaptability of government emergency collaboration networks under complex adaptive systems:Based on the social network analysis of the “23·7” flash flood in Beijing[J]. Journal of Public Administration,2026,19(1):63-82. |
| [3] |
王振国,逯敬一,康燈杰, 风能模拟的台风“摩羯”致灾危险性评价[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2025,61(3):438-446. |
| [4] |
Wang Z G,Lu J Y,Kang D J,et al. Disaster-risk assessment of Typhoon “Yagi” by wind-energy simulation[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science),2025,61(3):438-446. |
| [5] |
张玉强,林诗琪,周德权. “平急两用”公共基础设施:内涵阐释、建设实践与创新发展[J]. 现代城市研究,2026,41(7):1-6,20. |
| [6] |
Zhang Y Q,Lin S Q,Zhou D Q. “Normal-emergency dual-use” public infrastructure:interpretation of connotation,construction practice[J]. Modern Urban Research,2026,41(7):1-6,20. |
| [7] |
武廷海. 国土空间规划体系中的城市规划初论[J]. 城市规划,2019,43(8):9-17. |
| [8] |
Wu T H. A discussion on urban planning in spatial planning system[J]. City Planning Review,2019,43(8):9-17. |
| [9] |
赵燕菁. 国土空间规划:重塑规划体系的新契机[J]. 北京规划建设,2020(4):152-153. |
| [10] |
Zhao Y J. Territorial spatial planning:A new opportunity for reshaping the planning system[J]. Beijing Planning Review,2020(4):152-153. |
| [11] |
邓玲,贺战朋,赵国君, 国土空间规划技术标准体系建设研究[J]. 经济地理,2025,45(5):153-160,201. |
| [12] |
Deng L,He Z P,Zhao G J,et al. Construction of technical standard system for territorial spatial planning[J]. Economic Geography,2025,45(5):153-160,201. |
| [13] |
张彤华,赵永革,于海涛, 国土空间规划先行性地方立法的意义及对国家层面立法的作用[J]. 城市规划学刊,2022(2):41-46. |
| [14] |
Zhang T H,Zhao Y G,Yu H T,et al. Significance of advance local legislation on territorial spatial planning and its implications on national legislation[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2022(2):41-46. |
| [15] |
岳文泽,吴桐,王田雨, 面向国土空间规划的“双评价”:挑战与应对[J]. 自然资源学报,2020,35(10):2299-2310. |
| [16] |
Yue W Z,Wu T,Wang T Y,et al. “Double evaluations” for territorial spatial planning:Challenges and responses[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2020,35(10):2299-2310. |
| [17] |
孙雪东. 国土空间规划体系中“三区三线”的基本考虑[J]. 城市规划,2023,47(6):51-56,88. |
| [18] |
Sun X D. Considerations on “three zones and three lines” in the territorial planning system[J]. City Planning Review,2023,47(6):51-56,88. |
| [19] |
胡再冉,王红扬. 国土空间规划的整体性挑战与应对[J]. 城市规划,2026,50(6):2-10. |
| [20] |
Hu Z R,Wang H Y. Holistic challenges in territorial planning and responses[J]. City Planning Review,2026,50(6):2-10. |
| [21] |
王威,朱峻佚,夏陈红, “平急两用”公共基础设施规划建设研究——内涵要义、演进脉络与实施路径[J]. 城市规划,2025,49(9):83-93. |
| [22] |
Wang W,Zhu J Y,Xia C H,et al. Research on the planning and construction of urban dual-use public infrastructure:Core concepts,evolution and practical paths[J]. City Planning Review,2025,49(9):83-93. |
| [23] |
冉静,蒋晓慧,赫磊, 城市平急两用公共基础设施的类型及空间体系与规划建设要点[J]. 城市规划学刊,2024(5):98-105. |
| [24] |
Ran J,Jiang X H,He L,et al. Typology and spatial system of urban dual-use public infrastructure and the key points in planning[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2024(5):98-105. |
| [25] |
王威,朱峻佚,夏陈红, “平急两用”公共基础设施建设规划的思路与路径[J]. 规划师,2024,40(11):104-111. |
| [26] |
Wang W,Zhu J Y,Xia C H,et al. Concept and path for “dual use at both peace and emergency times” public infrastructure construction planning[J]. Planners,2024,40(11):104-111. |
| [27] |
王威,朱峻佚,郭小东, “平急两用”公共基础设施体系及其机制建设[J]. 城市发展研究,2024,31(6):54-61. |
| [28] |
Wang W,Zhu J Y,Guo X D,et al. Research on the construction of public infrastructure system and its mechanisms for “dual use”[J]. Urban Development Studies,2024,31(6):54-61. |
| [29] |
王威,朱峻佚,王国盛, 城市地下空间“平急两用”规划建设思路与路径研究[J]. 中国工程科学,2025,27(4):82-94. |
| [30] |
Wang W,Zhu J Y,Wang G S,et al. Urban underground space planning idea and path based on a “dual-use” concept[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2025,27(4):82-94. |
| [31] |
郭璐宇,翟国方. 国土空间规划视角下的超大特大城市“平急两用”设施建设思考[J]. 城市与减灾,2024(3):1-5. |
| [32] |
Guo L Y,Zhai G F. Reflections on the construction of normal and emergency dualuse facilities in mega-cities from the perspective of territorial spatial planning[J]. City and Disaster Reduction,2024(3):1-5. |
| [33] |
李燕,张垒,赵星烁. 基于韧性城市理论的“平急两用”公共基础设施国土空间规划应对策略研究[J]. 小城镇建设,2025,43(1):92-98. |
| [34] |
Li Y,Zhang L,Zhao X S. Research on territorial spatial planning strategies for ‘dual-use’(normal and emergency)public infrastructure based on the resilient city theory[J]. Development of Small Cities & Towns,2025,43(1):92-98. |
| [35] |
高国力,黎明,王有为, 我国超大特大城市“平急两用”公共基础设施建设的思路及对策[J]. 城市发展研究,2025,31(1):1-5. |
| [36] |
Gao G L,Li M,Wang Y W,et al. Countermeasures to the construction of public infrastructure construction for “dual use of regular and emergency” in China’s super large cities[J]. Urban Development Studies,2025,31(1):1-5. |
| [37] |
吴佳. 统筹常态治理与非常态应急的空间逻辑——基于北京平谷“平急两用”实践的案例考察[J]. 南京社会科学,2026(5):86-97. |
| [38] |
Wu J. The spatial logic of integrating routine governance and emergency management:A case study based on the “dual-use for daily needs and emergencies” practice in Pinggu[J]. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences,2026(5):86-97. |
| [39] |
潘婧钰,朱峻佚,郭小东, “平急两用”视角下应急避难场所布局优化设计[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2024,46(4):523-527. |
| [40] |
Pan J Y,Zhu J Y,Guo X D,et al. Study on the optimized layout design of emergency shelter from the perspective of dual use of emergency and ordinary[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Information & Management Engineering),2024,46(4):523-527. |
| [41] |
张钼晞,马金明,王美娜, 地块层面雨水调蓄规模研究及其“平急两用”初探[J]. 中国给水排水,2026,42(1):125-130. |
| [42] |
Zhang M X,Ma J M,Wang M N,et al. Research on rainwater storage capacity at plot level and preliminary exploration of its “dual purpose for routine and emergency” application[J]. China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(1):125-130. |
| [43] |
彭磊,郭海湘,张文凯, 考虑需求稳健匹配的“平急两用”物流网络设计 [J/OL]. 系统工程理论与实践,2025-09-12. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2267.N.20250912.0854.026. |
| [44] |
Peng L,Guo H X,Zhang W K,et al. Dual-use logistics network design for routine operations and emergency response under demand uncertainty [J/OL]. China Industrial Economics,2025-09-12. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2267.N.20250912.0854.026. |
| [45] |
陈瑞琪,刘刚,张博骞, “平急两用”理念下城市地震应急物资储备点选址研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2025,47(2):133-140. |
| [46] |
Chen R Q,Liu G,Zhang B Q,et al. Study on the location of city earthquake emergency material reserve under the concept of “dual use of regular and emergency”[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Information & Management Engineering),2025,47(2):133-140. |
| [47] |
王威,赵兴都,朱峻佚, “平急两用”旅游居住设施协同运行机制及优化策略[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术,2025,21(9):206-214. |
| [48] |
Wang W,Zhao X D,Zhu J Y,et al. Collaborative operation mechanisms and optimization strategies of“dual-use for normal and emergency”tourism accommodation facilities[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2025,21(9):206-214. |
| [49] |
Roggema R. Towards redundancy in urban landscapes:Enhancing adaptive capacity through design[J]. Urban and Regional Planning,2021,6(1):15. |
| [50] |
李翅. 健康与韧性理念下应对突发性公共卫生事件的空间规划策略[J]. 风景园林,2020,27(8):114-119. |
| [51] |
Li C. Spatial planning strategies for public health emergency response under the concepts of health and resilience[J]. Landscape Architecture,2020,27(8):114-119. |
| [52] |
苏幼坡,马亚杰,刘瑞兴. 日本防灾公园的类型、作用与配置原则[J]. 世界地震工程,2004,20(4):27-29. |
| [53] |
Su Y P,Ma Y J,Liu R X. Types,functions and disposition rules of the disaster prevention gardens in Japan[J]. World Information on Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(4):27-29. |
| [54] |
PUB,Singapore’s National Water Agency. Digitalising water—Sharing Singapore’s experience[R]. Londen:IWA Publishing,2020:15-35. |
| [55] |
毕微微,董娟,马鹏飞, 平战结合人防掩蔽工程保障能力评估[J]. 地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(S1):318-324. |
| [56] |
Bi W W,Dong J,Ma P F,et al. The supporting capacity assessment of the civil air defense projects at peacetime and wartime[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(S1):318-324. |
| [57] |
陈志龙,陈家运,郭东军, 地下空间利用与城市防灾研究若干新进展与思考[J]. 中国工程科学,2013,15(5):65-70. |
| [58] |
Chen Z L,Chen J Y,Guo D J,et al. Development and its thoughts on research of underground space and urban anti-disaster[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2013,15(5):65-70. |
| [59] |
耿博壕. “韧性城市”理念下的城市人防规划体系研究——以楚雄彝族自治州为例 [D]. 昆明:昆明理工大学,2021:5-6,26-37. |
| [60] |
Geng B H. Study on urban civil air defense planning system under the resilient city concept:A case study of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2021:5-6,26-37. |
| [61] |
Guo D J,Chen Y C,Yang J S,et al. Planning and application of underground logistics systems in new cities and districts in China[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2021,113:103947. |
| [62] |
Admiraal H,Cornaro A. Future cities,resilient cities—The role of underground space in achieving urban resilience[J]. Underground Space,2020,5(3):223-228. |
| [63] |
Qiao Y K,Peng F L,Sabri S,et al. Socio-environmental costs of underground space use for urban sustainability[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society,2019,51:101757. |
| [64] |
初建宇,苏幼坡,刘瑞兴. 城市防灾公园“平灾结合”的规划设计理念[J]. 世界地震工程,2008,24(1):99-102. |
| [65] |
Chu J Y,Su Y P,Liu R X. The integrated design principle of urban disaster prevention parks[J]. World Earthquake Engineering,2008,24(1):99-102. |
| [66] |
Saraswat C,Kumar P,Mishra B K. Assessment of stormwater runoff management practices and governance under climate change and urbanization:An analysis of Bangkok,Hanoi and Tokyo[J]. Environmental Science & Policy,2016,64:101-117. |
| [67] |
Dhakal K P,Chevalier L R. Managing urban stormwater for urban sustainability:Barriers and policy solutions for green infrastructure application[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,203:171-181. |
| [68] |
王维莉,王卓. 平灾结合的避难设施选址与灾民安置优化[J]. 安全与环境学报,2023,23(10):3689-3696. |
| [69] |
Wang W L,Wang Z. Site selection of emergency shelters on the combination of normal times and disaster time and optimization of resettlement scheme for disaster victims[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2023,23(10):3689-3696. |
| [70] |
夏静安,翟国方. 平灾结合视角下城市社区商业设施的应急生活物资保障研究——基于日美经验[J]. 国际城市规划,2023,38(4):21-29,57. |
| [71] |
Xia J A,Zhai G F. Study on emergency supplies support of urban community commercial facilities normal conditions and calamity:Experiences of Japan and the United States[J]. Urban Planning International,2023,38(4):21-29,57. |
| [72] |
蔡健平,王晶. “平疫结合”的突发公共卫生事件医疗物资储备体系建设研究[J]. 中国工程科学,2022,24(6):107-115. |
| [73] |
Cai J P,Wang J. Peacetime and epidemic combination medical materials reserve system for public health emergencies[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2022,24(6):107-115. |
| [74] |
戴慎志,王江波,刘婷婷. 平灾兼顾的城市医疗卫生防疫设施体系构建策略[J]. 城市规划学刊,2020 (3):103-108. |
| [75] |
Dai S Z,Wang J B,Liu T T. Construction strategy of urban health and epidemic prevention facilities system from the perspective of disaster preparedness at peaceful times[J]. Urban Planning Forum,2020 (3):103-108. |
| [76] |
韩昊英,陈宇,张小东, 新冠疫情下城市应急医疗设施空间配置评价研究——以武汉市为例[J]. 世界地理研究,2023,32(1):162-173. |
| [77] |
Han H Y,Chen Y,Zhang X D,et al. Study on spatial allocation evaluation of urban emergency medical facilities:A case study of COVID-19 in Wuhan[J]. World Regional Studies,2023,32(1):162-173. |
| [78] |
Fang D P,Pan S J,Li Z S,et al. Large-scale public venues as medical emergency sites in disasters:Lessons from COVID-19 and the use of Fangcang shelter hospitals in Wuhan,China[J]. BMJ Global Health,2020,5(6):e002815. |
| [79] |
Chen S M,Zhang Z J,Yang J T,et al. Fangcang shelter hospitals:A novel concept for responding to public health emergencies[J]. The Lancet,2020,395(10232):1305-1314. |
| [80] |
张佳丽,陈丹良,张文君, 基于系统论的老旧小区改造综合技术适宜性评估与集成应用[J]. 城市发展研究,2023,30(1):18-24. |
| [81] |
Zhang J L,Chen D L,Zhang W J,et al. Suitability evaluation and integrated application of comprehensive technology for renovation of old community based on system theory[J]. Urban Development Studies,2023,30(1):18-24. |
| [82] |
孙荣霞. 基于霍尔三维结构的公共基础设施PPP项目融资模式的风险研究[J]. 经济经纬,2010,27(6):142-146. |
| [83] |
Sun R X. A research on the risk of public infrastructure PPP projects’ Financing model based on hall’s three dimensional structure[J]. Economic Survey,2010,27(6):142-146. |
| [84] |
岳文泽,韦静娴,陈阳. 国土空间开发适宜性评价的反思[J]. 中国土地科学,2021,35(10):1-10. |
| [85] |
Yue W Z,Wei J X,Chen Y. Rethinking suitability evaluation of territorial space development[J]. China Land Science,2021,35(10):1-10. |
| [86] |
自然资源部办公厅关于印发《平急功能复合的韧性城市规划与土地政策指引》的通知[EB/OL]. (2024-04-28)[2026-04-30]. https://gi.mnr.gov.cn/202405/t20240513_2845021.html. |
| [87] |
Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Natural Resources on printing and distributing the guidelines for resilient urban planning and land policies with dual-use public infrastructure integration[EB/OL]. (2024-04-28)[2026-04-30]. https://gi.mnr.gov.cn/202405/t20240513_2845021.html. |
| [88] |
王威,朱峻佚,费智涛, 国土空间韧性规划建设整体框架与发展路径研究[J]. 中国工程科学,2023,25(3):209-218. |
| [89] |
Wang W,Zhu J Y,Fei Z T,et al. Overall framework and development path of national land space resilience planning and construction[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2023,25(3):209-218. |
| [90] |
崔佳伟,曾滨,翟长海, 城市基础设施安全韧性技术研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 中国工程科学,2025,27(4):55-70. |
| [91] |
Cui J W,Zeng B,Zhai C H,et al. Safety and resilience technologies for urban infrastructure:Current progress and future trends[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2025,27(4):55-70. |
| [92] |
郭仁忠,杨晓春,洪武扬, 安全韧性城市规划与设计的基本逻辑与架构[J]. 中国工程科学,2025,27(4):28-42. |
| [93] |
Guo R Z,Yang X C,Hong W Y,et al. Safe and resilient urban planning and design:Basic logic and framework[J]. Strategic Study of CAE,2025,27(4):28-42. |
| [94] |
曹阳,甄峰,席广亮. 大数据支撑的智慧化城市治理:国际经验与中国策略[J]. 国际城市规划,2019,34(3):71-77. |
| [95] |
Cao Y,Zhen F,Xi G L. The intelligent urban governance based on big data:International experience and China strategy[J]. Urban Planning International,2019,34(3):71-77. |
中国工程院咨询项目“推进城市平急两用公共基础设施建设重大问题研究”(2025-JZ-26)
国家自然科学基金项目(52278472)
Funding project: Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Research on Major Issues in Advancing the Dual-Use Public Infrastructure Construction"(2025-JZ-26)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(52278472)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |