我国生物制造产业系统可行性框架、边界机制与提升路径
System Feasibility of China's Biomanufacturing Industry: An Analytical Framework, Boundary Mechanisms, and Enhancement Pathways
生物制造是推动制造业绿色低碳转型、培育未来产业和构建现代化产业体系的重要方向。然而,现有研究主要围绕菌株、酶制剂、发酵工艺等单项技术开展评价,以技术成熟度和技术可行性为核心,缺乏对不同技术路线在特定资源、能源、工程、产业和制度条件下能否实现规模化、低碳化和可持续部署的系统性分析框架。基于产业体系安全视角,本文构建了“要素保障 ‒ 技术转化 ‒ 产业组织 ‒ 制度治理”四层分析框架,提出了系统可行性及其系统可行性边界概念,并阐释了系统可行性边界的形成机制。研究认为,系统可行性是指生物制造技术在特定资源禀赋、能源结构、工程能力、产业组织和制度环境约束下,实现低碳、经济、可规模化、可认证和具有产业韧性的综合部署能力;系统可行性边界则是上述多层系统条件共同作用形成的动态约束边界。研究表明,生物制造的低碳优势并非技术固有属性,而是要素保障、技术转化、产业组织和制度治理协同作用的系统结果;不同区域和不同技术路线具有不同的系统可行性边界,该边界会随着资源禀赋、能源结构、工程放大能力、产业协同和制度规则变化而动态演化,并可能发生收缩,使技术可行并不必然意味着产业可行。基于此,本文进一步分析了我国生物制造系统可行性的现实基础、区域形成条件及边界收缩机制,提出应以系统可行性为导向,加强要素保障、技术转化、产业组织和制度治理能力建设,构建数据、知识、模型和规则协同驱动的系统智能治理体系。本文将产业评价由“技术可行性”拓展至“系统可行性”,丰富了生物制造产业体系安全的理论分析框架,为我国生物制造产业布局优化、技术路线选择和现代化产业体系建设提供了新的理论工具和决策依据。
Biomanufacturing has emerged as a strategic driver for advancing the green and low-carbon transformation of manufacturing, fostering future industries, and building a modern industrial system. However, existing studies have largely focused on individual technological components, such as microbial strains, enzymes, and fermentation processes, with technology readiness and technical feasibility serving as the primary evaluation criteria. A systematic framework for assessing whether different technological pathways can achieve scalable, low-carbon, and sustainable deployment under specific resource, energy, engineering, industrial, and institutional conditions remains lacking. From the perspective of industrial system resilience, this study develops a four-dimensional analytical framework comprising resource endowment, technology deployment, industrial ecosystem, and institutional governance. Building upon this framework, we propose the concepts of system feasibility and the system feasibility boundary (SFB) and elucidate the mechanisms governing SFB formation. System feasibility is defined as the integrated capability of a biomanufacturing technology to achieve low-carbon, economically viable, scalable, certifiable, and resilient deployment under the constraints of resource endowment, energy structure, engineering scale-up capability, industrial ecosystem, and institutional environment. The SFB represents the dynamic boundary jointly shaped by these interacting system conditions. The analysis demonstrates that the low-carbon advantage of biomanufacturing is not an inherent property of the technology itself, but rather a systemic outcome resulting from the interaction of resource endowment, technology deployment, industrial ecosystem, and institutional governance. Different regions and technological pathways exhibit distinct system feasibility boundaries, which evolve dynamically with changes in resource availability, energy structure, engineering scale-up capability, industrial coordination, and institutional arrangements, and may contract over time, implying that technical feasibility does not necessarily translate into industrial feasibility. Based on this framework, the study further examines the foundations of system feasibility, regional enabling conditions, and the mechanisms of boundary contraction for China's biomanufacturing industry. It argues that future development should shift from pursuing isolated technological breakthroughs toward strengthening system capabilities by enhancing resource endowment, technology deployment, industrial ecosystem development, and institutional governance, while establishing an intelligent governance system driven by the integration of data, knowledge, models, and institutional rules. By extending industrial assessment from technical feasibility to system feasibility, this study enriches the theoretical foundation of industrial system resilience and provides a new analytical paradigm for industrial planning, technology pathway selection, and the development of a modern biomanufacturing industry.
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中国工程院咨询项目“提升新兴产业体系安全的若干重大问题研究”(2025-PP-11)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB4206205)
中央经费基地项目“高空间分辨率生物质数据库的建设”(JD2633)
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