面向交通深度脱碳的先进生物液体燃料发展研究
Development Strategies for Advanced Bio-Liquid Fuels Aimed at Deep Decarbonization of Transportation
先进生物液体燃料是交通领域实现深度脱碳的重要补充,尤其在航空、航运和部分重型运输等难电气化领域具有重要的战略价值。本文系统分析了我国先进生物液体燃料的发展定位、资源基础、技术路线及减排潜力,评估了油脂类和木质纤维素类等非粮生物质资源储备,以及生物柴油、费托合成燃料、醇制喷气燃料和生物甲醇等主要技术路线的发展前景。研究表明,使用先进生物液体燃料在2060年的减排量可达约2.34×108 tCO2,其中,道路交通减排贡献将随电动化推进逐步下降,可持续航空燃料和低碳船舶燃料将成为未来交通领域的重要减排方向。废弃油脂虽具备近期推广优势,但资源规模有限,中长期需逐步向木质纤维素和合成燃料路线拓展。未来我国需建立原料供应、生命周期碳核算和绿色燃料市场机制,推动先进生物液体燃料与电动化、氢能协同发展,为交通领域深度脱碳提供支撑。
Advanced bio-liquid represent a critical complementary pathway for achieving deep decarbonization in the transportation sector, and hold significant strategic values particularly in sectors that are difficult to electrify, such as aviation, shipping, and certain heavy-duty transportation. This study systematically analyzes the development positioning, resource base, technical pathways, and emission reduction potentials of advanced bio-liquid fuels in China. It assesses the reserves of non-food biomass resources, such as waste oils/fats and lignocellulosic biomass, as well as the development prospects of major technical pathways, including biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch fuels, alcohol-based jet fuel, and bio-methanol. The study indicates that the use of advanced bio-liquid fuels could reduce emissions by approximately 2.34 ×108 tCO2 by 2060. Among these, the contribution of road transportation to emission reductions will gradually decline as electrification progresses, while sustainable aviation fuels and low-carbon marine fuels will become key avenues for future emissions reductions in the transportation sector. Although waste oils/fats offer advantages for near-term deployment, their resource scale is limited. In the medium to long term, efforts must gradually expand toward lignocellulosic and synthetic fuel pathways. In the future, China needs to establish mechanisms for feedstock supply, life-cycle carbon accounting, and green fuel markets to promote the coordinated development of advanced biofuels with electrification and hydrogen energy, thereby providing support for deep decarbonization in the transportation sector.
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中国工程院咨询项目“提升新兴产业体系安全的若干重大问题研究”(2025-PP-11)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB4206205)
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