我国化学合成高纯石英材料产业发展机遇与挑战
Opportunities and Challenges for China's High-Purity Synthetic Quartz Industry
化学合成高纯石英是支撑半导体、光通信、航空航天等领域的关键基础材料,可摆脱高品质天然石英矿资源约束,成为我国实现高纯石英材料产业自主可控的重要路径。本文总结了全球化学合成高纯石英材料技术与产业发展现状和趋势,分析了我国的发展现状和面临的挑战。研究发现,我国已实现合成石英中高端产品规模化量产,但因极紫外光刻、超高精度光学等领域仍受海外寡头垄断,存在多重短板:极限工艺机理研究不足,多物理场耦合、微观缺陷与内应力调控能力薄弱,高端产品均匀性与良品率不足;核心沉积装备及精密控制系统受制于人,国产化迭代能力有限;缺少极端工况验证平台,标准评价体系不完善,高端产品验证周期长、准入门槛高。研究建议,强化国家战略牵引与长期稳定投入,系统研判产业特有技术壁垒,明确关键核心技术攻关路线图;构建以重大应用需求为牵引的深度融合创新生态,聚焦极限工艺窗口下核心装备与工艺工程化的协同突破;引育兼具材料、装备与工程视野的高端人才,深化高水平国际合作;建设国家级极端工况检测验证平台与自主标准评价体系,健全上下游协同创新与风险共担机制,打通“基础研究 ‒ 工程放大 ‒ 应用验证”全链条,推动高端合成石英产业自主可控与高质量发展。
High‑purity synthetic quartz is a pivotal foundational material underpinning semiconductors, optical communications, aerospace and other sectors. It circumvents resource limitations of high‑quality natural quartz ores and provides a critical pathway for China to realize industrial self‑reliance in high‑purity quartz materials. This study summarizes the current status and trends in the global technology and industry development of high‑purity synthetic quartz, and analyzes the development status and challenges faced by China. China has achieved mass production of mid‑to‑high‑end synthetic quartz products; however, top‑tier scenarios including extreme ultraviolet lithography and ultra‑high‑precision optics remain monopolized by overseas giants. Moreover, multiple bottlenecks still exist. First, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of extreme‑regime process mechanisms, coupled with insufficient capabilities to modulate multi‑physics‑field coupling, micro‑defects, and internal stress, leading to unsatisfactory uniformity and yield of high‑end products. Second, core deposition equipment and precision control systems are heavily reliant on imports, restricting domestic iterative upgrading. Third, there is a shortage of validation platforms for extreme operating conditions together with imperfect evaluation standards, resulting in prolonged qualification cycles and high entry thresholds for high‑end products. Furthermore, this study proposes the following recommendations: strengthening national strategic guidance and sustained long-term investment, to assess industry-specific technological barriers and define roadmaps for key technological breakthroughs; fostering an integrated innovation ecosystem driven by major application demands while focusing on the coordinated advancement of core equipment and engineering process within extreme conditional windows; cultivating interdisciplinary talents spanning materials, equipment, and engineering, and deepening high-level international collaboration; establishing national testing platforms for extreme operating conditions together with indigenous evaluation standards systems, while improving upstream-downstream collaborative innovation and risk-sharing mechanisms, thus to integrate the entire chain spanning fundamental research, engineering scale-up, and application validation. These measures are expected to drive the self-reliant and high-quality development of the high-end synthetic quartz industry.
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中国工程院咨询项目“关键材料体系自立自强战略研究”(2025-PP-02)
Funding project: Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Strategic Research on Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement of Critical Material System"(2025-PP-02)
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