新型电化学储能关键材料与优化技术发展研究
Key Materials and Optimization Technologies for New-Type Electrochemical Energy Storage
新型电化学储能是构建新型电力系统、实现“双碳”目标的关键支撑技术,关键材料的性能直接决定储能器件的能量密度、安全性、寿命与经济性,对保障国家能源安全具有不可替代的战略价值。本文主要围绕锂离子电池、钠离子电池和液流电池三大新型电化学储能体系,系统梳理了电极材料、电解质材料和隔膜材料的研究进展,提出不同材料的分阶段优化技术发展路线。同时,进一步聚焦于材料研发领域的共性关键问题,针对储能材料体系繁杂多样的特点,系统分析了在研究体系布局、资源环境约束、研发模式及成果转化基础设施平台中存在的瓶颈问题。研究提出,应从分散式探索转向体系化布局,强化跨体系的共性基础研究与全价值链协同;从性能单一导向转向全生命周期绿色可持续,将资源可得性、供应链安全与环境影响前置纳入材料研发核心评价维度;从经验试错转向数据智能驱动,构建自主可控的“人工智能+储能材料”研发模式;从实验室孤立创新转向全链条贯通,建立中试验证与标准检测协同推进的成果转化机制,以推动储能关键材料的高质量发展。
New-type electrochemical energy storage are key enabling technologies for building a new power system and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals. The performance of key materials directly determines the energy density, safety, lifespan, and cost-effectiveness of energy storage devices, and they hold irreplaceable strategic values for ensuring national energy security. This study focuses on three major new-type electrochemical energy storage systems (i.e., lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and flow batteries), and reviews the research progress on electrode, electrolyte, and separator materials, while proposing phased optimization roadmaps for the development of these different materials. Meanwhile, the study further focuses on common key issues in the field of material research and development (R&D). Given the complex and diverse nature of energy storage material systems, it analyzes bottlenecks in research framework planning, resource and environmental constraints, R&D models, and infrastructure platforms for the commercialization of research outcomes. The study proposes shifting from a decentralized approach to a systematic one by strengthening cross-system fundamental research and collaboration across the entire value chain; shifting from a performance-oriented approach to a full-lifecycle, green, and sustainable approach, incorporating resource availability, supply chain security, and environmental impact as core evaluation dimensions in the early stages of material R&D; transitioning from trial-and-error to data- and intelligence-driven approaches to build an independent "artificial intelligence + energy storage materials" R&D model; and moving from isolated laboratory innovation to end-to-end integration by establishing a technology commercialization mechanism that synergistically advances pilot-scale validation and standards testing, thereby promoting the high-quality development of key energy storage materials.
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中国工程院与国家自然科学基金委员会联合专项项目“面向2040的新型储能技术、材料及装备发展战略研究”(L2324215)
Funding project: Joint Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the National Natural Science Foundation of China "Strategic Research on the Development of New-Type Energy Storage Technologies, Materials, and Equipment Toward 2040"(L2324215)
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