智能经济背景下新型算力网产业链协同的结构、机制与路径
Industrial Chain Collaboration of New Computing Power Network in the Context of Intelligent Economy: Structure, Mechanism, and Pathway
智能经济推动算力需求由单点化、静态化、通用化向场景化、实时化、异构化、低碳化转变,因而新型算力网建设逐步由资源扩张阶段转入产业链协同运营阶段。本文从产业链协同视角出发分析了智能经济背景下新型算力网的结构、机制与路径,以回应算力资源统一纳管不足、算网协同不深、“算电碳”联动不畅、区域供需错配、上下游适配不足、生态治理规则不完善等问题。研究认为,新型算力网产业链由上游基础供给层、中游平台运营调度层、下游应用牵引层以及网络、能源、安全、标准政策四类横向支撑体系构成,相应的协同运行表现为要素、空间、主体三维耦合过程,核心任务包括异构算力融合、算网融合、“算电碳”协同、区域算力协同、供需适配与上下游培育协同、生态治理协同;算力运营智能体可在既定规则和授权边界内承担资源感知、任务调度、履约监测、风险预警、决策辅助等技术运营功能,是提升跨层级、跨区域、跨主体协同效率的重要支撑。近期可优先推进资源协同、算网协同,中期可深化供需协同、“算电碳”协同、区域协同,远期可完善标准接口、交易规则、安全责任、信誉评价、国际合作机制,由此形成新型算力网产业链协同发展的系统化推进路径。
The intelligent economy is shifting demand for computing power from point-based, static, and general-purpose forms to scenario-oriented, real-time, heterogeneous, and low-carbon forms. As a result, the construction of new computing power networks is gradually transitioning from resource expansion to collaborative operation across the industrial chain. From the perspective of industrial chain collaboration, this study analyzes the structure, mechanisms, and pathways of new computing power networks in the context of the intelligent economy. It addresses problems including inadequate unified management and control of computing power resources; inadequate coordination of networking and computing; inefficient integration of computing power, electricity, and carbon; regional mismatches in supply and demand; insufficient compatibility between upstream and downstream sectors; and imperfect rules for ecosystem governance. The study argues that the industrial chain of new computing power networks comprises an upstream basic supply layer, a midstream platform operation and scheduling layer, a downstream application layer, and four horizontal support systems related to network, energy, security, as well as standards and policies. Its collaborative operation takes the form of a three-dimensional coupling process among factors, space, and actors. Core tasks include the integration of heterogeneous computing power, coordination of networking and computing, computing‒electricity‒carbon synergy, regional computing power collaboration, matching supply and demand while cultivating upstream and downstream linkages, and ecosystem governance collaboration. Computing power operation agents can perform technical operation functions such as resource sensing, task scheduling, contract performance monitoring, risk early warning, and decision support within established rules and authorized boundaries, and they constitute important support for enhancing collaboration efficiency across levels, regions, and actors. In the near term, priority can be given to resource collaboration as well as coordination of networking and computing. In the medium term, efforts can be intensified to deepen supply‒demand, computing‒electricity‒carbon, and regional collaboration. In the long term, it is advisable to improve standard interfaces, transaction rules, security responsibilities, reputation evaluation, and international cooperation mechanisms, thereby forming a systematic pathway for the industrial chain collaboration of new computing power networks.
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国家自然科学基金卓越研究群体项目(72688201)
中国工程院咨询项目“促进新质生产力发展的未来重点产业战略布局及实施路径研究”(2025-XBZD-14)
湘江实验室项目(23XJ01002)
Funding project: The Foundation for Outstanding Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72688201)
Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Research on Strategic Layout and Implementation Pathways of Future Key Industries for Promoting New Quality Productive Forces"(2025-XBZD-14)
Xiangjiang Laboratory Project(23XJ01002)
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