工程师精神:内涵、传承与弘扬
The Spirit of Engineers: Connotation, Inheritance, and Promotion
工程师队伍建设上升为国家战略性议题,但工程师精神的系统性研究仍显薄弱,相应的内涵界定、理论框架、战略关联均待深化。本文立足工程哲学基本理论,从工程活动的三重规定性(目的性、认知性、规范性)出发,论证了工程师精神是工程活动在工程师主体身上的内化与升华这一基本观点,据此提出了“使命 ‒ 思维 ‒ 品格”三维分析框架,将工程师精神凝练为“循理创新、务实担当,统筹求优、协同善成”十六字,再以正反两方面的工程案例初步检验了解释力。进一步辨析了工程师精神与科学家精神、企业家精神、工匠精神的关系,厘清了工程师精神的独特性,揭示出精神传承与弘扬有赖学校教育奠基、工程实践淬炼、社会文化滋养三大场域协同贯通。为了将工程师精神的传承与弘扬从学理主张转化为可持续的制度现实,提出了将工程师精神纳入共产党人精神谱系、完善工程师评价制度、深化工程教育改革、健全工程师荣誉表彰体系、营造崇尚工程师的社会氛围等对策建议,可为卓越工程师培育、工程师制度建设等提供理论参照与管理参考。
The development of the engineering workforce has been elevated to a national strategic issue in China, yet systematic research on the spirit of engineers remains underdeveloped, and its conceptual definition, theoretical framework, and strategic relevance all await deeper inquiry. Grounded in the fundamental theories of the philosophy of engineering, this study starts from the threefold determinations of engineering activities—purposiveness, cognition, and normativity—and argues that the spirit of engineers is the internalization and sublimation of engineering activities within the engineer's professional identity. On this basis, it proposes a three-dimensional analytical framework of "mission‒thinking‒character," condenses the spirit of engineers into a sixteen-Chinese-character formulation: "following principles to innovate, acting pragmatically with responsibility; coordinating to optimize, collaborating to achieve success" (xunli chuangxin, wushi dandang; tongchou qiuyou, xietong shancheng), and preliminarily tests the explanatory power of the framework by using both positive and negative engineering cases. The study further analyzes the relationships between the spirit of engineers and the spirit of scientists, entrepreneurs, and craftsmen, clarifying the distinctiveness of the spirit of engineers, and reveals that the inheritance and promotion of this spirit depend on the coordinated interconnection of three major fields: school education as the foundation, engineering practices as the tempering ground, and social culture as the nourishing environment. To translate the inheritance and promotion of the spirit of engineers from a theoretical proposition into a sustainable institutional reality, the study proposes policy recommendations including incorporating the spirit of engineers into the CPC's spiritual pedigree, improving the engineer evaluation system, deepening engineering education reforms, strengthening the engineer honor and recognition system, and fostering a social atmosphere that respects engineers. The study can provide theoretical and managerial references for the cultivation of excellent engineers and the development of the engineering professional system.
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中国工程院咨询项目“工程师在新质生产力发展中的作用研究”(2025-XZ-128)
Chinese Academy of Engineering project "Study on the Role of Engineers in the Development of New Productive Forces"(2025-XZ-128)
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