我国水能资源丰富，开发水力发电技术是增加可再生能源供应、优化能源结构、缓解环境问题的优先选择。本文着眼于我国丰富的微水头资源，梳理河流、运河、水库、电厂尾水、管道供水、城市废水、海洋新能源等微水头资源需求和应用特点，总结适合开阔流域和封闭流域特点的两型微水头水力发电水轮机，对形成动势能结合型微水头水轮机设计方法和研究其流动特征和机理提供基础。介绍了微水头资源评估和水力发电水轮机研究的趋势，并对今后研究方向提出了建议。

China is rich in hydropower resources, and hydropower technology development is the first choice to increase the supply of renewable energy, optimize the energy structure, and alleviate environmental problems. This paper focuses on rich microhead resources in China and presents the demand and application characteristics of microhead resources such as rivers, canals, reservoirs, power plant tailings, piped water supply, municipal wastewater, and marine energy. The paper summarizes two types of microhead hydro-turbines suitable for open and closed watersheds, which provide a basis for the design method of microhead hydro-turbines and the study of their flow characteristics and mechanism. This paper introduces the research trend of microhead resource evaluation and hydropower turbines. In addition, some suggestions for future research are put forward.