自由电子激光（FEL）光源是一种基于电子直线加速器的大型科研装置，广泛应用于凝聚态物理、先进材料与表面物理、原子分子物理、化学、生物等基础科学研究。FEL 技术的进步将促使光源向更高功率和更短波长发展，以满足日益增长的用户需求。本文从FEL 的技术特点出发，论述了技术发展的必要性，研判了现阶段国内外FEL 技术发展现状并凝练我国领域发展面临的问题。研究提出了我国FEL 技术的发展思路，在2035 年前着力在长波波段FEL、X 射线FEL、新型FEL、基于FEL 的极紫外（EUV）光刻光源等方面取得突破。研究建议：制定科学发展战略、保障科研攻关实施，加强基础投入、提高自主创新水平，加强多方合作、促进科技成果转化，促进研究与应用结合、推动市场应用，加强科技人才培养，以此推进我国FEL 领域的稳健发展。

Free electron laser (FEL) is a large-scale scientific research device based on electron linear accelerator and has been widely used in basic scientific research such as condensed matter physics, advanced materials and surface physics, atomic and molecular physics, chemistry, and biology. The advancement of FEL technology will promote the light sources to develop towards higher power and shorter wavelength to satisfy the increasing demands of users. This study introduces the necessity of development based on the characteristics of the FEL technology and summarizes the current development status of the technology in China and abroad. It also analyzes the existing problems in its development in China and proposes ideas and goals for the development of FEL technology in China. By 2035, China should focus on making breakthroughs in long-wave FEL, X-ray FEL, new FEL, and FEL-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography light source technologies. Based on the research and analysis, this study proposes some suggestions for the steady and healthy development of the FEL technology in China, including making scientific development strategies, raising investment in fundamental research to promote independent innovation, strengthening multi-party cooperation to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, promoting market application, and strengthening personnel training.