深化司法体制改革，健全统一司法鉴定管理体制是推进全面依法治国的重要组成部分。理顺法医鉴定管理制度是完善统一司法鉴定管理体制的重中之重。本文通过国内外法医鉴定管理制度比较，分析了我国法医鉴定领域管理部门分散、执业环境过度市场化、区域发展失衡、科研力量分散等弊端，探讨了我国成立法医局管理模式的可行性和必要性。研究阐述了法医局的运行和职责定位，认为应充分整合我国现有的各部门法医学资源，发挥现有的法医学专业人才力量，建立统一的、独立于公检法系统的国家级、省级、地市级三级法医局，不断提高法医鉴定权威性和公信力；建议由法医局承担司法鉴定、科学研究、职称评定、人才培养等职责，负责制定法医鉴定技术标准和工作指南。

Deepening the reform of the judicial system in China and improving the unified management system for judicial authentication are important in promoting the overall law-based governance of the country. Straightening out the management system of forensic identification is the top priority to establish a unified management system for judicial authentication. In this paper, different management systems of forensic identification are compared and the current disadvantages in forensic identification in China are analyzed, including decentralized management departments, excessive marketization, unbalanced regional development, and insufficient research investment. Based on this, the feasibility and necessity of establishing an administration mode of medical examiner offices in China are investigated. Moreover, the operating mechanism and responsibilities of the medical examiner offices are elaborated. We propose that China should integrate its forensic resources in different departments and strengthen the forensic professionals to establish a unified medical examiner office system which is independent of the judicial system and covers the national, provincial, and municipal levels, thus to improve the authority and credibility of forensic identification. The medical examiner offices should be responsible for judicial authentication, scientific research, professional title assessment, personnel training, and for formulating technical standards and guidelines for forensic identification.