微生物来源的天然产物药物具有结构多样、活性优良等优点，临床应用潜力巨大。本研究系统分析了我国微生物药物产业发展现状，梳理了微生物种质资源利用、优良菌种筛选和发酵工艺优化、菌株工程化改造、新型微生物药物创制等技术趋势，助力我国破解产业瓶颈、加速产业升级。我国现代微生物药物产业已经具备了坚实的资源和技术基础，但与国际领先水平有一定的差距。本研究针对产业面临的机遇与挑战，从建立统筹创新的微生物医药大科学装置、加强微生物药物基础研究和技术自主研发、构建战略性人才引育系统、形成体系化产业激励政策等四个方面提出了发展建议。

The microbial sourced natural products possess diverse structures and excellent activities, implying great potentials for clinical application. This study systematically analyzes the current status of the microbial medicine industry in China and summarizes the development trends of the industry from the aspects of microbial strain resource utilization, excellent strain screening, fermentation process optimization, strain engineering, and new microbial medicine development. This aims to facilitate major breakthroughs and industrial upgrades for China’s microbial medicine industry. Although China’s microbial medicine industry has solid resource and technical foundations, it still lags behind the international advanced level. Considering the opportunities and challenges, we propose several suggestions for promoting China’s microbial medicine industry: constructing large-scale scientific facilities for microbial medicine, strengthening basic research and independent technology development, establishing a talent cultivation system, and formulating systematic industrial incentives.