肿瘤是人类生命健康的重要威胁，随着我国医疗行业信息化的发展，医疗机构积累了大量的肿瘤临床数据，但因数据标准不统一、治理难度大等原因制约了数据价值的充分挖掘；应用人工智能（AI）等前沿信息技术建设肿瘤临床大数据管理系统，有助于肿瘤临床数据的深入应用、临床诊疗管理质量与效率提升。本文剖析了我国肿瘤临床数据治理与应用面临的问题及挑战，研判了肿瘤临床大数据管理体系的应用价值；针对肿瘤临床数据多来源、多模态的复杂特性，探索了AI技术应用于肿瘤临床大数据管理与科研的机制及路径；设计了包括肿瘤通用数据模型构建、临床数据采集与安全管理、标准化结构化治理、分析与建模应用、数据质量管理在内的全流程解决方案，阐述了相应系统的建设框架与技术体系；以某三甲医院肺癌临床大数据平台为案例，展示了所提方案在临床实践中的可行性及应用价值。相关研究可为丰富我国肿瘤临床大数据管理系统的建设实践、探讨领域未来重点研究方向提供参考和启示。

Cancer is a serious threat to human life and health. Along with the development of medical informatization in China, healthcare institutions have cumulated a great quantity of clinical data in oncology; however, these data have not been fully explored owing to the disunity of data standards and great difficulties in data management. Hence, establishing a national clinical big data management system for oncology based on artificial intelligence could potentially promote the application of clinical data in oncology, further improving the quality and efficiency of clinical management for oncology. This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the problems and challenges of clinical data management and application for oncology and presented the significant values of an oncology clinical data management system. Considering the complexity of multi-source and multi-modal data in oncology, we explored the possible mechanisms and pathways of applying artificial intelligence to the management and research of clinical data for oncology. Furthermore, a full-circle solution was designed, and the construction framework and technology systems were promoted for the clinical data management system for oncology, including the development of common data models for oncology, data collection and security management, data standardization and structuring, data analysis and application, and data quality control. Besides, we validated the feasibility and benefits of the promoted system in clinical practice by taking the clinical data management for lung cancer in a tertiary hospital as an example. Finally, we proposed some suggestions on the research directions of the clinical big data management system for oncology.