光纤激光器及放大器广泛应用于智能制造、生命健康、新一代信息技术以及国防军事等领域，而有源光纤是光纤激光器和放大器的关键材料。本文综述了红外波段（近红外1.0 μm、近中红外1.3~1.5 μm、中红外2.0~3.0 μm）关键有源光纤材料的研究进展，从增益系数、增益带宽、特种光纤应用等角度分析了国内外有源光纤材料的发展现状和趋势，指出了我国在该领域所面临的生产设备国产化率不高、高端工业化产品不足等问题，提出了我国关键有源光纤材料未来的重点发展思路、发展方向和发展目标。最后从基本理论自主创新、产业可持续发展、推动政策体系构建、高技术产品引领、全产业链循环发展、领域人才梯队培养等方面提出了对策建议，以期推动我国关键有源光纤材料领域优质、快速发展。

Fiber lasers and amplifiers are widely used in intelligent manufacturing, life and health, new generation of information technology, national defense, and military fields. In addition, active optical fibers are key materials for fiber lasers and amplifiers. This study reviews the research progress of key active optical fibers in the infrared band (including near infrared 1.0 μm, 1.3–1.5 μm, and mid infrared 2.0–3.0 μm) and analyzes the research status and development trend of active optical fibers both in China and abroad from the perspectives of gain coefficient, gain bandwidth, and application of special fibers. Moreover, it explores the problems faced by China in this field, including a low localization rate of production equipment and lack of high-end industrialized products, and puts forward the key development strategies, directions, and goals of key active optical fibers in China. Furthermore, we propose several suggestions from the aspects of basic theoretical innovation, sustainable industrial development, policy system construction, high-tech products, circular development of the entire industry chain, and personnel training, thereby promoting the high-quality and rapid development of key active optical fibers in China.