能源是强国之基、推动经济社会高质量和可持续发展的关键支撑。本文梳理了世界主要能源强国或大国的能源建设经验，归纳出能源供应稳定多元、能源消费低碳高效、能源科技创新引领、能源市场开放有序、能源治理体系完备等世界能源强国的普遍特征；在辨识我国能源强国建设的优势与短板的基础上，提出了建设能源强国的中国路径，包括阶段性目标、重点任务和关键举措。研究建议：加大煤炭资源的清洁利用力度，增强煤炭在能源安全中的兜底保障作用；加大油气资源勘探开发和增储上产力度，推进陆相页岩油革命，努力提高油气自给保障能力；推动可再生能源规模化，积极布局氢能等清洁能源，通过多能源协同提高能源安全供应能力、兼顾落实减碳目标。相关举措将有力支撑我国从能源大国到能源强国的顺利转变。

Energy is the foundation of a strong country and an engine to promote high-quality and sustainable economic development. This study summarizes the experiences of major energy powerhouses worldwide regarding energy development, believing that they have achieved excellent performance in multiple dimensions such as the stable and diversified energy supply, low-carbon and efficient energy consumption, leading innovation in energy technologies, orderly and open energy market, and completeness in energy governance systems. Moreover, this study reviews the advantages and disadvantages of energy development in China and proposes a Chinese path to becoming an energy powerhouse, involving staged objectives, key tasks, and measures. The basic conclusion is that we need to increase the clean utilization of coal resources to exploit the role of coal in ensuring energy security. Meanwhile, it is crucial to improve China's ability of oil and gas self-sufficiency by strengthening the exploration and development of oil and gas resources and promoting the lacustrine shale oil revolution. It is also important to scale up the renewable energy sources and optimize the layout of clean energy sources such as hydrogen, thereby improving energy security and implementing the carbon reduction goals through multi-energy coordination.