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拓扑 1

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Numerical analysis of aerodynamic noise radiated from cross flow fan

CHEN Anbang, LI Song, HUANG Dongtao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 443-447 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0063-9

摘要： The flow field in a cross flow fan was simulated by solving the 2-D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The calculated pressure fluctuations of the blades, the vortex wall, and the rear wall were then used as noise sources to calculate the sound field. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation was employed to predict the noise field caused by these sources. The predictions show that the rear wall and the vortex wall sources contribute significantly to the total noise and that both the predicted aerodynamic performance and noise agree well with the experimental results.

关键词： predicted aerodynamic     Williams-Hawkings     calculated pressure     aerodynamic performance     unsteady Reynolds-averaged    

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Strategies to reduce nutrient pollution from manure management in China

WILLIAMS, Yuelai LU, Lin MA, Zhaohai BAI, Yong HOU, Xinping CHEN, Thomas H. MISSELBROOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 45-55 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019293

摘要：

As the demand for livestock products continues to increase in China, so too does the challenge of managing increasing quantities of manure. Urgent action is needed to control point source (housing, storage and processing) and diffuse (field application) pollution and improve the utilization of manure nutrients and organic matter. Here, we review strategies to improve management at each stage of the manure management chain and at different scales. Many strategies require infrastructure investment, e.g., for containment of all manure fractions. Engineering solutions are needed to develop advanced composting systems with lower environmental footprints and design more efficient nutrient stripping technologies. At the field-scale, there is an urgent need to develop a manure nutrient recommendation system that accounts for the range of manure types, cropping systems, soils and climates throughout China. At the regional scale, coordinated planning is necessary to promote recoupling of livestock and cropping systems, and reduce nutrient accumulation in regions with little available landbank, while minimizing the risk of pollution swapping from one region to another. A range of stakeholders are needed to support the step change and innovation required to improve manure management, reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers, and generate new business opportunities.

关键词： cropping farms     livestock production     manure management chain     recoupling     nutrient loss    

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Microbial mediated arsenic biotransformation in wetlands

Williams, Jinming Luo, Yong-Guan Zhu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0893-y

摘要： Distribution and behavior of arsenic in wetland are summarized. Macro-scale and micro-scale processes in wetland are reviewed. Microbes act as the switch in determining wetland as a source or sink of arsenic. Environmental factors affecting arsenic microbial biotransformation are summarized. Arsenic (As) is a pervasive environmental toxin and carcinogenic metalloid. It ranks at the top of the US priority List of Hazardous Substances and causes worldwide human health problems. Wetlands, including natural and artificial ecosystems (i.e. paddy soils) are highly susceptible to As enrichment; acting not only as repositories for water but a host of other elemental/chemical moieties. While macro-scale processes (physical and geological) supply As to wetlands, it is the micro-scale biogeochemistry that regulates the fluxes of As and other trace elements from the semi-terrestrial to neighboring plant/aquatic/atmospheric compartments. Among these fine-scale events, microbial mediated As biotransformations contribute most to the element’s changing forms, acting as the ‘switch’ in defining a wetland as either a source or sink of As. Much of our understanding of these important microbial catalyzed reactions follows relatively recent scientific discoveries. Here we document some of these key advances, with focuses on the implications that wetlands and their microbial mediated transformation pathways have on the global As cycle, the chemistries of microbial mediated As oxidation, reduction and methylation, and future research priorities areas.

关键词： Arsenic     Wetland     Microbes     Switch    

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From Green to Sustainability—Trends in the Assessment Methods of Green Buildings

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang,Paula Williams,Jing Shi,Huojun Yang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 114-121 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015018

摘要： This research investigates recent developments in assessment methods of green buildings and compares the differences in rating systems among the United Kingdom, USA, and Germany. There are indications that the rating systems are moving from green buildings to sustainable buildings. In order to understand the recent research in academic areas, we survey the recent Ph.D. dissertations and literature related to green building assessment. Discussion is provided on the major research areas of green buildings, which cover accountability of life cycle cost, methodology for balancing the three pillars, and government vision and public policy.

关键词： green     sustainability     buildings     assessment     methods     rating systems    

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Advancements in non-starch polysaccharides research for frozen foods and microencapsulation of probiotics

WILLIAMS, Y. Martin LO,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 413-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0254-x

摘要： Conventionally used in the food industry as stabilizing, thickening, gelling, and suspending or dispersing agents, non-starch polysaccharides such as xanthan gum are known to improve the texture of certain frozen products. Another polysaccharide that has received significant attention in recent years is chitosan, a natural biopolymer derived from chitin. In the wake of growing interest in finding ideal encapsulating agents for probiotics, non-starch polysaccharides have been investigated. Scattered research can be found on the effect of each individual polysaccharide, but there remains a void in the literature in terms of closely comparing the characteristics of non-starch polysaccharides for these applications, especially when more than one biopolymer is employed. A good understanding of the tools capable of elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved is essential in ushering further development of their applications. Therefore, it is this review’s intention to focus on the selection criteria of non-starch polysaccharides based on their rheological properties, resistance to harsh conditions, and ability to improve sensory quality. A variety of critical tools is also carefully examined with respect to the attainable information crucial to frozen food and microencapsulation applications.

关键词： development     literature     attainable information     biopolymer     capable    

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地球工程研究从实验室走向现场 News & Highlights

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第27卷 第8期   页码 3-5 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.004

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基因组学的发展助力古DNA研究

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期   页码 9-11 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.003

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抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 4-6 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.005

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全球首例猪心脏移植人体手术

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 6-8 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.006

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CRISPR基因编辑作物有望走上消费者的餐桌

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第20卷 第1期   页码 6-8 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.11.002

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A boronic acid-based fluorescent hydrogel for monosaccharide detection

Williams, A. Toby A. Jenkins, Steven D. Bull, John S. Fossey, Tony D. James

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 112-116 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1812-5

摘要： A boronic acid-based anthracene fluorescent probe was functionalised with an acrylamide unit to incorporate into a hydrogel system for monosaccharide detection In solution, the fluorescent probe displayed a strong fluorescence turn-on response upon exposure to fructose, and an expected trend in apparent binding constants, as judged by a fluorescence response where D-fructose>D-galactose>D-mannose>D-glucose. The hydrogel incorporating the boronic acid monomer demonstrated the ability to detect monosaccharides by fluorescence with the same overall trend as the monomer in solution with the addition of D-fructose resulting in a 10-fold enhancement (≤0.25 mol/L).
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巨额资金将助推二氧化碳清除技术走向示范应用

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第22卷 第3期   页码 7-9 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.002

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4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal cellular imaging agents: The effect of substituent patterns on PET directional quenching

Clive Williams, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 61-75 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1862-8

摘要： Four new fluorescent sensors ( - ) based on the 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores ( ) have been synthesized based on the classical fluorophore-spacer-receptor model. These four compounds all gave rise to emission bands centred at 535 nm, which were found to be highly pH dependent, the emission being ‘switched on’ in acidic media, while being quenched due to PET from the amino moieties to the excited state of the at more alkaline pH. The luminescent pH dependence for these probes was found to be highly dependent on the substitution on the imide site, as well as the polyamine chain attached to the position 4-amino moiety. In the case of sensor the presence of the 4-amino-aniline dominated the pH dependent quenching. Nevertheless, at higher pH, PET quenching was also found to occur from the polyamine site. Hence, is better described as a receptor -spacer -fluorophore-spacer -receptor system, where the dominant PET process is due to (normally less favourable) ‘directional’ PET quenching from the 4-amino-aniline unit to the site. Similar trends and pH fluorescence dependences were also seen for and . These compounds were also tested for their imaging potential and toxicity against HeLa cells (using DRAQ5 as nuclear stain which does now show pH dependent changes in acidic and neutral pH) and the results demonstrated that these compounds have reduced cellular viability at moderately high concentrations (with IC values between ca. 8‒30 µmol∙L ), but were found to be suitable for intracellular pH determination at 1 µmol∙L concentrations, where no real toxicity was observed. This allowed us to employ these as lysosomal probes at sub-toxic concentrations, where the based emission was found to be pH depended, mirroring that seen in aqueous solution for , with the main fluorescence changes occurring within acidic to neutral pH.

关键词： sensors     pH     photoinduced electron transfer     cellular imaging     confocal microscopy    

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组织工程模板中的生物相容性途径 Perspective

Williams

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 286-290 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.007

摘要：

组织工程通过系统结合分子信号和力学信号对特定靶细胞进行有意可控刺激以组建新的组织，通常需要借助由生物材料构建的结构传递这些信号，并对生成的组织块塑形。这些结构之前被称为支架，如今被更准确地命名为模板，其规范却难以定义，主要因为该规范必须涉及为细胞组建新组织提供适宜的微环境，以及细胞与模板材料的相互作用符合构建新型可存活组织的需求。这些特点统称为生物相容性。然而，传统生物相容性的理论和公认机制（大多通过可移植的医学装置进行实验得出）不足以解释在组织工程过程中的现象。本文作者近期在特定的基于材料、生物学的途径方面重新定义了生物相容性。本文以上述途径为前提讨论了组织工程生物相容性的机制。

关键词： 生物材料     支架     机械力转导     炎症     拓扑    

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一种去除地表水中的磷的浮岛处理系统 Article

Sindelar, Sam Arden, Amar Persaud, Sherry Brandt-Williams

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第5期   页码 597-609 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.002

摘要：

本研究旨在设计、建造和测试一个中试规模的浮动模块化处理系统，并用以对美国佛罗里达州中部富营养化湖泊中的总磷（TP）进行去除。该处理系统由生物和物理-化学处理模块组成。用多种底物和水生大型植物组合构建了13种不同的中宇宙实验（mesocosm），分别测试了总磷（TP）和正磷（PO4
3−）的去除率及潜在的区域去除率。此外本研究对7 种吸附介质进行了小型杯罐实验和柱实验，并对3种商业树脂进行了吸附能力的测试。完成这些独立的测试过程后，在佛罗里达中部的一个湖泊中，设计了一个浮岛处理系统（FITS）并运行了8个月。中宇宙实验对磷的平均去除率为40%~50%，平均去除量为5.0 g·m–2·a–1。其中沉水植物（SAV）系统和藻类洗涤器（AGS）效果最好，分别去除了20 mg·m–2·d–1和50 mg·m–2·d–1的磷，它们对磷的平均去除量分别为5.5 g·m–2·a–1和12.0 g·m–2·a–1。在吸附介质中，明矾渣（AR）的性能最佳，接触5 min 后，PO43−浓度降低了75% 左右。在所测试的商品树脂中，PhosX 树脂的去除效果最好，在30 min后去除了约40%的磷，60 min后去除了约60%的磷。在基线运行条件下展开实验，FITS 对PO43−的平均去除率为53%；使用PO43−去除率的第50百分位和第90百分位以及FITS的环境足迹进行评价，结果表明系统的去除率分别为56%和86%；区域磷去除率在8.9~16.5 g·m–2·a–1之间。

关键词： 除磷     湖泊生态系统     浮岛处理    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Numerical analysis of aerodynamic noise radiated from cross flow fan

CHEN Anbang, LI Song, HUANG Dongtao

期刊论文

Strategies to reduce nutrient pollution from manure management in China

WILLIAMS, Yuelai LU, Lin MA, Zhaohai BAI, Yong HOU, Xinping CHEN, Thomas H. MISSELBROOK

期刊论文

Microbial mediated arsenic biotransformation in wetlands

Williams, Jinming Luo, Yong-Guan Zhu

期刊论文

From Green to Sustainability—Trends in the Assessment Methods of Green Buildings

Steve Hsueh-Ming Wang,Paula Williams,Jing Shi,Huojun Yang

期刊论文

Advancements in non-starch polysaccharides research for frozen foods and microencapsulation of probiotics

WILLIAMS, Y. Martin LO,

期刊论文

地球工程研究从实验室走向现场

Williams

期刊论文

基因组学的发展助力古DNA研究

Williams

期刊论文

抗肥胖症药物市场需求旺盛

Williams

期刊论文

全球首例猪心脏移植人体手术

Williams

期刊论文

CRISPR基因编辑作物有望走上消费者的餐桌

Williams

期刊论文

A boronic acid-based fluorescent hydrogel for monosaccharide detection

Williams, A. Toby A. Jenkins, Steven D. Bull, John S. Fossey, Tony D. James

期刊论文

巨额资金将助推二氧化碳清除技术走向示范应用

Williams

期刊论文

4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal cellular imaging agents: The effect of substituent patterns on PET directional quenching

Clive Williams, Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson

期刊论文

组织工程模板中的生物相容性途径

Williams

期刊论文

一种去除地表水中的磷的浮岛处理系统

Sindelar, Sam Arden, Amar Persaud, Sherry Brandt-Williams

期刊论文