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Histone variants: critical determinants in tumour heterogeneity

Tao Wang, Florent Chuffart, Ekaterina Bourova-Flin, Jin Wang, Jianqing Mi, Sophie Rousseaux, Saadi Khochbin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 289-297 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0667-3

摘要： Malignant cell transformation could be considered as a series of cell reprogramming events driven by oncogenic transcription factors and upstream signalling pathways. Chromatin plasticity and dynamics are critical determinants in the control of cell reprograming. An increase in chromatin dynamics could therefore constitute an essential step in driving oncogenesis and in generating tumour cell heterogeneity, which is indispensable for the selection of aggressive properties, including the ability of cells to disseminate and acquire resistance to treatments. Histone supply and dosage, as well as histone variants, are the best-known regulators of chromatin dynamics. By facilitating cell reprogramming, histone under-dosage and histone variants should also be crucial in cell transformation and tumour metastasis. Here we summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of histone supply and histone variants in chromatin dynamics and their ability to enhance oncogenic cell reprogramming and tumour heterogeneity.

关键词： cancer-testis TH2B TH2A H1T H1.0 H1F0 linker histones

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Effect of process parameters on the density and porosity of laser melted AlSi10Mg/SiC metal matrix composite

Omotoyosi H. FAMODIMU, Mark STANFORD, Chike F. ODUOZA, Lijuan ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第4期页码 520-527 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0521-y

摘要：

Laser melting of aluminium alloy—AlSi10Mg has increasingly been used to create specialised products in various industrial applications, however, research on utilising laser melting of aluminium matrix composites in replacing specialised parts have been slow on the uptake. This has been attributed to the complexity of the laser melting process, metal/ceramic feedstock for the process and the reaction of the feedstock material to the laser. Thus, an understanding of the process, material microstructure and mechanical properties is important for its adoption as a manufacturing route of aluminium metal matrix composites. The effects of several parameters of the laser melting process on the mechanical blended composite were thus investigated in this research. This included single track formations of the matrix alloy and the composite alloyed with 5% and 10% respectively for their reaction to laser melting and the fabrication of density blocks to investigate the relative density and porosity over different scan speeds. The results from these experiments were utilised in determining a process window in fabricating near-fully dense parts.

关键词： selective laser melting additive manufacturing mechanical alloying powder metallurgy aluminium metal matrix composite

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Probes and nano-delivery systems targeting NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1: a mini-review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 123-138 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2194-7

摘要： The two-electron cytoplasmic reductase NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is expressed in many tissues. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is well-known for being highly expressed in most cancers. Therefore, it could be a target for cancer therapy. Because it is a quinone reductase, many bioimaging probes based on quinone structures target NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 to diagnose tumours. Its expression is higher in tumours than in normal tissues, and using target drugs such as β-lapachone to reduce side effects in normal tissues can help. However, the physicochemical properties of β-lapachone limit its application. The problem can be solved by using nanosystems to deliver β-lapachone. This mini-review summarizes quinone-based fluorescent, near-infrared and two-photon fluorescent probes, as well as nanosystems for delivering the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1-activating drug β-lapachone. This review provides valuable information for the future development of probes and nano-delivery systems that target NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1.

关键词： NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 cancer therapy target probe nanosystem

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图像水印框架的层级-方向分解分析 Article

F. KAZEMI,M. A. POURMINA,A. H. MAZINAN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第11期页码 1199-1217 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500165

摘要：本文研究新型层级-方向分解在图像水印中的应用。实现水印框架的主要步骤是生成带有水印的图像，重点用到轮廓小波嵌入表达。通过一组模拟攻击，基于峰值信噪比（peak signal-to-noise ratio）、结构相似度（structural similarity）等指标评估其性能。利用一组图像并使用不同颜色模型分析所获信息，以判断正态相关性。相应地，每当扰码模块作用于一组原始图像，用以表示无序信息，就使用逆轮廓小波嵌入表达以获取带有水印的图像。从而，我们可以通过分析一个复杂系统--其中设计了一个决策系统，使用轮廓小波嵌入表达来发现最优层级和相应方向--评估所提方法的性能。对于所得到的结果，利用恰当的层级-方向分解阐释。本文主要贡献在于，在轮廓小波嵌入表达新机制的基础上，集成一套子系统，与决策系统相配合。与现有方法相比，本文所述方法在大量重度攻击下仍然有效。利用多个基准数据集对所提方案进行了测试，结果证实方法有效。

关键词：层级-方向分解分析；水印框架；轮廓小波嵌入表达；扰码模块；模拟攻击

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Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry

Jiao HU,Xiufan LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 11-24 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016092

摘要： The H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been circulating in poultry in China and become endemic since 1998 and 2004, respectively. Currently, they are prevalent in poultry throughout China. This endemicity makes them actively involved in the emergence of the novel lineages of other subtypes of influenza viruses, such as the well-known viruses of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 and the 2013 novel H7N7, H7N9 and H10N8 subtypes, thereby threatening both the poultry industry and public health. Here, we will review briefly the prevalence and evolution, pathogenicity, transmission, and disease control of these two subtypes and also discuss the possibility of emergence of potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIVs to humans.

关键词： avian influenza virus H9N2 H5N1 novel viruses public health

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Compiling of comprehensive data of human infections with novel influenza A (H7N9) virus

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 275-276 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0285-z

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Integrating space and time: a case for phenological context in grazing studies and management

ESTELL, Andres F. CIBILS, Raul H. PEINETTI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 44-56 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017193

摘要： In water-limited landscapes, patterns in primary production are highly variable across space and time. Livestock grazing is a common agricultural practice worldwide and a concern is localized overuse of specific pasture resources that can exacerbate grass losses and soil erosion. On a research ranch in New Mexico with average annual rainfall of 217 mm, we demonstrate with a quantitative approach that annual seasons vary greatly and examine foraging patterns in Angus-Hereford ( ) cows. We define five seasonal stages based on MODIS NDVI: pre-greenup, greenup, peak green, drydown and dormant, and examine livestock movements in 2008. Daily distance traveled by cows was greater and foraging area expanded during periods with higher precipitation. A regression model including minimum NDVI, rainfall and their interaction explained 81% of the seasonal variation in distance traveled by cows ( <0.01). Cows explored about 81 ha·d while foraging, but tended to explore smaller areas as the pasture became greener (greenup and peak green stages). Cows foraged an average of 9.7 h daily and spent more time foraging with more concentrated search patterns as pastures became greener. Our findings suggest that phenological context can expand the capacity to compare and integrate findings, and facilitate meta-analyses of grazing studies conducted at different locations and times of year.

关键词： GPS collars Jornada Experimental Range land-surface phenology livestock movement LTAR MODIS NDVI rangeland

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Full-band error control and crack-free surface fabrication techniques for ultra-precision fly cutting of large-aperture KDP crystals

F. H. ZHANG, S. F. WANG, C. H. AN, J. WANG, Q. XU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 193-202 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0448-8

摘要：

Large-aperture potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals are widely used in the laser path of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems. The most common method of manufacturing half-meter KDP crystals is ultra-precision fly cutting. When processing KDP crystals by ultra-precision fly cutting, the dynamic characteristics of the fly cutting machine and fluctuations in the fly cutting environment are translated into surface errors at different spatial frequency bands. These machining errors should be suppressed effectively to guarantee that KDP crystals meet the full-band machining accuracy specified in the evaluation index. In this study, the anisotropic machinability of KDP crystals and the causes of typical surface errors in ultra-precision fly cutting of the material are investigated. The structures of the fly cutting machine and existing processing parameters are optimized to improve the machined surface quality. The findings are theoretically and practically important in the development of high-energy laser systems in China.

关键词： ultra-precision fly cutting large-aperture KDP crystals spatial frequency processing error

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Synthesis of a cardanol-amine derivative using an ionic liquid catalyst

E. da Silva, Roselayne F. Furtado, Zengshe Liu, H. N. Cheng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 425-431 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1581-3

摘要： Cardanol is a biobased raw material derived from cashew nut shell liquid. In order to extend its utility, new derivatives and additional applications are useful. In this work cardanol was first epoxidized, and a novel aniline derivative prepared from it under mild reaction conditions with the help of an ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction chemistry was studied by using nuclear magnetic resonance. The resulting aminohydrin adduct showed antioxidant property and should also be a useful synthon for further reactions. As an example, the aminohydrin was shown to undergo a condensation reaction with formaldehyde to form a prepolymer, which could be further reacted to form thermosetting resins.

关键词： cardanol epoxidation aminohydrin aniline ionic liquid aniline-formaldehyde

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从药物开发的角度看工程化T细胞疗法 Review

Fraietta, Carl H. June, 许中伟, J. Joseph Melenhorst, Simon F. Lacey

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第1期页码 140-149 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.010

摘要：

癌症是全世界人口死亡的主要原因之一。细胞治疗的最新进展表明，其有可能为某些癌症患者带来第二次生命的机会。与化合物和蛋白质不同，细胞是活的、可自我复制的药物，具有精准的特异性。例如，经基因修饰后，T 细胞可表达嵌合抗原受体（chimeric antigen receptor，CAR），使其能够识别并杀死肿瘤细胞，并形成一个记忆库，准备回击持续存在的恶性细胞。抗CD19 嵌合抗原受体T 细胞（CAR T cells，CART19）对某些恶性肿瘤具有显著的临床疗效。CART19 的开发过程基本上遵循了“一个基因，一种药物，一种疾病”的传统模式，该模式源于Paul Ehrlich 提出的“魔法子弹”理念。随着制药行业的主要参与者联手使这种新型“活药物”商业化，以CART19 为例，与传统药物相比，研究其开发过程中的相似性和差异性非常有用。这样，我们可以将现有的知识融会贯通，找出推进类似策略最有效的方法。本文综述了基于生物标志物的分析方法在优化CAR结构、临床前研究和临床疗效评价、不良反应（AE）和CART19 细胞动力学方面的应用。同时还探讨了能够发现最佳靶标、新型CAR 结合结构域以及预测临床反应和不良反应的生物标志物的先进技术和计算工具。我们相信，就像胂凡纳明的发现开创了合成药物时代一样，CART19 的成功能够带来其他工程化T 细胞疗法的发展。

关键词：工程化T细胞疗法嵌合抗原受体药物开发过程生物标志物 CAR19 CART19

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Role of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO-FOXM1 axis in cancer and drug resistance

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 376-380 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0228-0

摘要：

The forkhead transcription factors FOXO and FOXM1 have pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and in mediating chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance. Recent research shows that the forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 is a direct transcriptional target repressed by the forkhead protein FOXO3a, a vital downstream effector of the PI3K-AKT-FOXO signaling pathway. Intriguingly, FOXM1 and FOXO3a also compete for binding to the same gene targets, which have a role in chemotherapeutic drug action and sensitivity. An understanding of the role and regulation of the FOXO-FOXM1 axis will impact directly on our knowledge of chemotherapeutic drug action and resistance in patients, and provide new insights into the design of novel therapeutic strategy and reliable biomarkers for prediction of drug sensitivity.

关键词： FOXO3a FOXM1 transcription factor cancer drug resistance tumorigenesis

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Synthesis and properties of water-soluble 1,9-dialkyl-substituted BF

Dan Wu, Gonzalo Durán-Sampedro, Donal F. O’Shea

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 97-104 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1828-x

摘要： Bis-alkylsulfonic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-substituted BF azadipyrromethenes have been synthesized by an adaptable and versatile route. Only four synthetic stages were required to produce the penultimate fluorophore compounds, containing either two alcohol or two terminal alkyne substituents. The final synthetic step introduced either sulfonic acid or polyethylene glycol groups to impart aqueous solubility. Sulfonic acid groups were introduced by reaction of the bis-alcohol-substituted fluorophore with sulfur trioxide, and a double Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between the bis-alkyne fluorophore and methoxypolyethylene glycol azide yielded a neutral bis-pegylated derivative. Both fluorophores exhibited excellent near-infrared (NIR) photophysical properties in methanol and aqueous solutions. Live cell microscopy imaging revealed efficient uptake and intracellular labelling of cells for both fluorophores. Their simple synthesis, with potential for last-step structural modifications, makes the present NIR-active azadipyrromethene derivatives potentially useful as NIR fluorescence imaging probes for live cells.

关键词： NIR-fluorophores live cell imaging NIR-AZA

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输入时滞分数阶(0<α<1)奇异系统的观测器控制 Research Article

李丙新1,2,赵相飞1,2,张雪峰3,赵新1,2,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第12期页码 1862-1870 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200294

摘要：本文研究输入时滞分数阶（0<α<1）奇异系统的观测器控制问题。基于史密斯预测器和逼近误差，有输入时滞的系统近似等价于无输入时滞的系统。进一步地，基于线性矩阵不等式方法，提出基于观测器控制的充要条件。

关键词：基于观测器的控制；奇异系统；分数阶；输入时滞；线性矩阵不等式

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基于医院中子照射器I型堆的MCNP中子截面库研制

王立鹏,江新标,赵柱民,朱养妮,陈立新,周永茂

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第8期页码 42-46

摘要：

利用NJOY程序制作了用于医院中子照射器I型堆（in-hospital neutron irradiator mark 1 reactor，IHNI-1）物理计算的MCNP中子截面库。结果表明，所制作的截面库是正确的，能够用于IHNI-1反应堆物理设计计算。

关键词： NJOY ENDF/B VII.0评价库 MCNP ACE格式

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厦门翔安海底隧道F1风化深槽注浆加固技术

郭小红,王梦恕

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第9期页码 38-41

摘要：

以厦门翔安海底隧道涌水量最大、施工难度最大的海域段F1风化槽为研究对象，根据其围岩地质条件和突涌水特点，采用全断面注浆加固和堵水，注浆加固范围为掌子面内及隧道开挖轮廓线外施工期现场监控量测与数值计算结果表明：F1风化深槽围岩注浆加固效果均较为理想，未发生涌水突泥，达到了设计的技术要求。该项研究成果为今后开展类似工程的注浆加固提供了技术借鉴。

关键词：海底隧道注浆加固稳定性数值仿真