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N-聚糖 1

亲水相互作用液相色谱法 1

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区带毛细管电泳法分析黑色签字笔墨水字迹相对形成时间

王彦吉,赵鹏程,徐媛媛,王景翰

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第2期页码 25-29

摘要：

讨论了优化电泳条件建立区带毛细管电泳法分析黑色签字笔字迹墨水的分析方法，采用20mmol/L四硼酸钠，pH8.5，未涂层熔融石英毛细管内径100μm，有效柱长40cm，15kV分离电压，光二极管阵列检测器（PDA），检测波长190～600nm的电泳分离条件，对不同种类黑色签字笔字迹墨水提取液进行了分析；利用毛细管电泳PDA检测器在可见光波长下检测出的黑色签字墨水中不同染料相对含量的变化关系，研究了字迹相对形成时间问题，得出较好的变化规律。

关键词：黑色签字笔墨水区带毛细管电泳相对形成时间

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Application of proteomics in environmental science

Xiaona CHU, Jiangyong HU, Say Leong ONG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 393-403 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0145-x

摘要： Proteomics involves the separation of proteins, identification of the amino acid sequence of the interested or target proteins, study of the function of the proteins, modification, structure and ultimate assignments to functional pathways in the cell. The proteomic investigations have contributed greatly to human diseases studies, new drugs discovery researches, and environmental science in recent years. This article provides a review on the development of the main proteomic technologies, including both the gel based and non-gel based technologies, and their applications in environmental science. Proteomic technologies have been utilized in the environmental stresses studies to analyze the induction or reduction of proteins at expression level and identify the target proteins to investigate their function in response to environmental stresses, such as high or low pH, oxidation stress, and toxic chemicals. Such protein responses are also helpful to understand the mechanisms of some cellular activities and the functions of some proteins.

关键词： proteomics environmental stress two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis mass spectrometry

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Genetics analysis of haptoglobin gene in Fujian Han nationality

ZOU Qilian, LIN Ying, LIN Xiangquan, CHEN Yuanzhong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 105-107 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0019-9

摘要： To study the genetic features (characteristics) of haptoglobin gene, four different age groups of Fujian Han people were investigated. The phenotypes of the haptoglobin of four different groups were analyzed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The frequency of in the population of Fujian Han nationality accounted for 0.340, among which children, youths, middle aged and elder groups were 0.307, 0.338, 0.363 and 0.383, respectively. The Hp phenotype frequency was 0.026 in which the four age groups accounted for 0.032, 0.046, 0.014 and 0.014, respectively. The frequency of gene is rising with increasing age. The frequency of Hp phenotype is highest in the middle aged group and then tends to drop with increasing age.

关键词： different haptoglobin phenotype frequency electrophoresis middle

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Purification and characterization of a novel carbonyl reductase with high stereo-selectivity

YANG Ming, XU Yan, MU Xiaoqing, XIAO Rong

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 404-410 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0074-9

摘要： A novel NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase was separated from CCTCC 203011. The enzyme gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which was purified through ammonium sulfate, Diethylamino Ethanol (DEAE) sepharose Fast flow (FF), phenyl-sepharose FF and blue sepharose FF chromato graphy from cell-free extract. The molecular mass of the enzyme was about 30 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for reduction were 4.5°C and 35°C, respectively. The Cu had strong restrictive effect on enzyme activity. In addition, the carbonyl reductase was an enzyme with high substrate specificity and stereo-selectivity, and showed high asymmetric reduction activity towards -hydroxyacetophenone and ethyl 4-chloro acetoacetate. For the asymmetric reduction of ?-hydroxyacetophenone and ethyl 4-chloro acetoacetate, ()-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol and ()-ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate were produced by the purified enzyme, with the 100% and 94.3% e.e. value, respectively. Therefore, the enzyme could be one of the effective biocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. The amino acid sequences of one peptide from the purified enzyme were analyzed by LC-MASS-MASS, and the carbonyl reductase showed some identity to the hypothetical protein CaO19.10414 reported.

关键词： asymmetric synthesis sulfate-polyacrylamide purified electrophoresis temperature

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Current molecular biologic techniques for characterizing environmental microbial community

Dawen GAO, Yu TAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 82-97 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0306-6

摘要： Microbes are vital to the earth because of their enormous numbers and instinct function maintaining the natural balance. Since the microbiology was applied in environmental science and engineering more than a century ago, researchers desire for more and more information concerning the microbial spatio-temporal variations in almost every fields from contaminated soil to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). For the past 30 years, molecular biologic techniques explored for environmental microbial community (EMC) have spanned a broad range of approaches to facilitate the researches with the assistance of computer science: faster, more accurate and more sensitive. In this feature article, we outlined several current and emerging molecular biologic techniques applied in detection of EMC, and presented and assessed in detail the application of three promising tools.

关键词： molecular biological technique microbial community denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) environmental applications

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Investigation of electrochemical degradation and application of e-paper dyes in organic solvents

Luhai LI, Ming WANG, Yi FANG, Shunan QIAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 182-185 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0062-3

摘要： To avoid environmental pollution due to organic dye solutions, the electrophoresis and degradation of dye in organic solvents such as alcohol were investigated. Many dyes were tested in the Indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode driving cell, and about 15 dyes moved under voltage driving. Both the curves of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) spectra of the electrophoresis samples showed that the metal complexes Red 04 and Acid Black 1 were degradable in alcohol solution by electrochemical reaction. The cyclic volt-ampere curves of the samples from the electrochemical working station proved that electrochemical reactions took place. Based on the analysis of UV-Vis and IR spectra, the electrochemical degradation products of azo and metal complex azo dyes at lower voltage driving (1-5 V) in organic solvents are oxidized azobenzene, not hydrazine, which was found in the electrochemical degradation of dye water solutions. When the ITO electrode is modified by a polyimide (PI) film to a thickness less than 4 μm, the electrochemical degradation of the dye in alcohol solution will not appear in the cyclic volt-ampere curves. A dye electrophoresis in organic solution flexible prototype e-paper display was formed and the display picture is shown.

关键词： electrochemical degradation electrophoresis e-paper oxidized azobenzene group

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Seasonal microbial community shift in a saline sewage treatment plant

Qingmei YAN, Xuxiang ZHANG, Tong ZHANG, Herbert H P FANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 40-47 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0304-8

摘要： Activated sludge was monthly sampled from a saline sewage treatment plant of Hong Kong (China) during June 2007 to May 2008 to analyze the microbial community shift along with environmental variations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Environmental changes resulted into a seasonal microbial community shift characterized by alterations in species number and abundance in the sewage treatment plant. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis on community structure profile showed that the 12 monthly samples fell into four groups, which is in accordance with season changing in Hong Kong. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that and posed more significant effects on community structure than total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively. Compared with sludge retention time, influent total phosphorus had an inverse effect on the community structure shift, and chemical oxygen demand and showed a similar effects. Results of this study may contribute to the development of new knowledge involving the microbial community shift in sewage treatment plants.

关键词： sewage treatment plants polymerase chain reaction (PCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) canonical correspondence analysis correspondence analysis

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Interaction and independence on methane oxidation of landfill cover soil among three impact factors: water, oxygen and ammonium

Pinjing HE, Na YANG, Wenjuan FANG, Fan Lü, Liming SHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 175-185 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0320-8

摘要： To understand the influence patterns and interactions of three important environmental factors, i.e. soil water content, oxygen concentration, and ammonium addition, on methane oxidation, the soils from landfill cover layers were incubated under full factorial parameter settings. In addition to the methane oxidation rate, the quantities and community structures of methanotrophs were analyzed to determine the methane oxidation capacity of the soils. Canonical correspondence analysis was utilized to distinguish the important impact factors. Water content was found to be the most important factor influencing the methane oxidation rate and Type II methanotrophs, and the optimum value was 15% (w/w), which induced methane oxidation rates 10- and 6- times greater than those observed at 5% (w/w) and 20% (w/w), respectively. Ambient oxygen conditions were more suitable for methane oxidation than 3% oxygen. The addition of of ammonium induced different effects on methane oxidation capacity when conducted at low or high water content. With regard to the methanotrophs, Type II was sensitive to the changes of water content, while Type I was influenced by oxygen content. Furthermore, the methanotrophic acidophile, , was detected in soils with a pH of 4.9, which extended their known living environments.

关键词： quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) principal component analysis (PCA) canonical correspondence analysis (CCA)

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Simultaneous detection and characterization of toxigenic：Clostridium difficile directly from clinical stool specimens

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 196-205 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0560-5

摘要：

We employed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with capillary electrophoresis (mPCR-CE) targeting six Clostridium difficile genes, including tpi, tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB, and a deletion in tcdC for simultaneous detection and characterization of toxigenic C. difficile directly from fecal specimens. The mPCR-CE had a limit of detection of 10 colony-forming units per reaction with no cross-reactions with other related bacterial genes. Clinical validation was performed on 354 consecutively collected stool specimens from patients with suspected C. difficile infection and 45 isolates. The results were compared with a reference standard combined with BD MAX Cdiff, real-time cell analysis assay (RTCA), and mPCR-CE. The toxigenic C. difficile species were detected in 36 isolates and 45 stool specimens by the mPCR-CE, which provided a positive rate of 20.3% (81/399). The mPCR-CE had a specificity of 97.2% and a sensitivity of 96.0%, which was higher than RTCA (x² = 5.67, P = 0.017) but lower than BD MAX Cdiff (P = 0.245). Among the 45 strains, 44 (97.8%) were determined as non-ribotype 027 by the mPCR-CE, which was fully agreed with PCR ribotyping. Even though ribotypes 017 (n = 8, 17.8%), 001 (n = 6, 13.3%), and 012 (n = 7, 15.6%) were predominant in this region, ribotype 027 was an important genotype monitored routinely. The mPCR-CE provided an alternative diagnosis tool for the simultaneous detection of toxigenic C. difficile in stool and potentially differentiated between RT027 and non-RT027.

关键词： Clostridium difficile multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis detection characterization

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Removable Dyes—The Missing Link for In-Depth N-glycan Analysis via Multi-Method Approaches

Samanta Cajic,René Hennig,Valerian Grote,Udo Reichl,Erdmann Rapp,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.016

摘要： As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be unraveled, it is becoming apparent that glycans’ immense complexity cannot be ignored. To fully delineate glycan structures, we developed an integrative approach combining a set of cost-effective, widespread, and easy-to-handle analytical methods. The key feature of our workflow is the exploitation of a removable fluorescent label—exemplified by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc)—to bridge the gap between diverse glycoanalytical methods, especially multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Through the detailed structural analysis of selected, dauntingly complex N-glycans from chicken ovalbumin, horse serum, and bovine transferrin, we illustrate the capabilities of the presented strategy. Moreover, this approach “visualizes” N-glycans that have been difficult to identify thus far—such as the sulfated glycans on human immunoglobulin A—including minute changes in glycan structures, potentially providing useful new targets for biomarker discovery.

关键词： Glycoproteins N-glycans Reversible labeling Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography Capillary gel electrophoresis Mass spectrometry

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PulseNet China, a model for future laboratory-based bacterial infectious disease surveillance in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 366-375 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0214-6

摘要：

Surveillance is critical for the prevention and control of infectious disease. China’s real-time web-based infectious disease reporting system is a distinguished achievement. However, many aspects of the current China Infectious Disease Surveillance System do not yet meet the demand for timely outbreak detection and identification of emerging infectious disease. PulseNet, the national molecular typing network for foodborne disease surveillance was first established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States in 1995 and has proven valuable in the early detection of outbreaks and tracing the pathogen source. Since 2001, the China CDC laboratory for bacterial pathogen analysis has been a member of the PulseNet International family; and has been adapting the idea and methodology of PulseNet to develop a model for a future national laboratory-based surveillance system for all bacterial infectious disease. We summarized the development progress for the PulseNet China system and discussed it as a model for the future of China’s national laboratory-based surveillance system.

关键词： infectious disease laboratory-based infectious disease surveillance pulse field gel electrophoresis multilocus sequencing typing PulseNet China

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Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a conventional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated sludge system

Xi CHEN,Linjiang YUAN,Wenjuan LU,Yuyou LI,Pei LIU,Kun NIE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 324-333 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0627-3

摘要： Aerobic granules were formed in a conventional, continuous flow, completely mixed activated sludge system (CMAS). The reactor was inoculated with seed sludge containing few filaments and fed with synthetic municipal wastewater. The settling time of the sludge and the average dissolved oxygen (DO) of the reactor were 2 h and 4.2 mg·L , respectively. The reactor was agitated by a stirrer, with a speed of 250 r·min , to ensure good mixing．The granular sludge had good settleability, and the sludge volume index (SVI) was between 50 and 90 mL·g . The laser particle analyzer showed the diameter of the granules to be between 0.18 and 1.25 mm. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation revealed the predominance of sphere-like and rod-like bacteria, and only few filaments grew in the granules. The microbial community structure of the granules was also analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Sequencing analysis indicated the dominant species were α, β, and γ- , , and . The data from the study suggested that aerobic granules could form, if provided with sufficient number of filaments and high shear force. It was also observed that a high height-to-diameter ratio of the reactor and short settling time were not essential for the formation of aerobic granular sludge.

关键词： aerobic granular sludge completely mixed activated sludge system (CMAS) continuous flow shear force filamentous bacteria polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE)

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可去除染料——N-聚糖多方法深入分析中的缺失环节 Article

Samanta Cajic, René Hennig, Valerian Grote, Udo Reichl, Erdmann Rapp

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 132-150 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.016

摘要：

As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be unraveled, it is becoming apparent that glycans' immense complexity cannot be ignored. To fully delineate glycan structures, we developed an integrative approach combining a set of cost-effective, widespread, and easy-to-handle analytical methods. The key feature of our workflow is the exploitation of a removable fluorescent label—exemplified by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc)—to bridge the gap between diverse glycoanalytical methods, especially multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Through the detailed structural analysis of selected, dauntingly complex N-glycans from chicken ovalbumin, horse serum, and bovine transferrin, we illustrate the capabilities of the presented strategy. Moreover, this approach "visualizes" N-glycans that have been difficult to identify thus far—such as the sulfated glycans on human immunoglobulin A—including minute changes in glycan structures, potentially providing useful new targets for biomarker discovery.

关键词：糖蛋白 N-聚糖可逆标签亲水相互作用液相色谱法毛细管凝胶电泳质谱法