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中国铅基反应堆 1

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Deep eutectic solvent inclusions for high- composite dielectric elastomers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 996-1002 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2138-2

摘要： Recent advances in novel electroactive devices have placed new requirements on material development. High-performance dielectric elastomers with good mechanical stretchability and high dielectric constant are under high demand. However, the current strategy for fabricating these materials suffers from high cost or low thermal stability, which greatly hinders large-scale industrial production. Herein, we have successfully developed a novel strategy for improving the dielectric constant of polymeric elastomers via deep eutectic solvent inclusion by taking advantage of the low cost, convenient and environmentally benign synthesis process and high ionic conductivity from deep eutectic solvents. The as-prepared composite elastomers showed good stretchability and a greatly enhanced dielectric constant with a negligible increase in dielectric dissipation. Moreover, we have proven the universality of our strategy by using different types of deep eutectic solvents. It is believed that low-cost, easy-synthesis and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents including composite elastomers are highly suitable for large-scale industrial production and can greatly broaden the application fields of dielectric elastomers.

关键词： composite materials deep eutectic solvent dielectric elastomer high dielectric constant

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Directional solidification of metal-gas eutectic and fabrication of regular porous metals

LIU Yuan, LI Yanxiang, WAN Jiang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 180-183 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0030-x

摘要： Directional solidification of metal-gas eutectic (Gasar) is a novel process for making regular porous metals. This process is based on a solid-gas eutectic reaction involving a gaseous medium and a metal or ceramic phase. The process easily controls the porosity, the pore size, the pore orientation, and the pore morphology when the melting and solidifying conditions are varied in a wide range. The latest progress and our research work are reviewed in this paper.

关键词： orientation solid-gas eutectic research solidifying porosity

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Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO absorption

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1500-9

摘要：

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM.

关键词： Ternary transition-temperature mixture FT-IR and thermal stability analysis Viscosity and correlation study Eyring’s absolute rate theory CO₂ solubility Density functional theory (DFT).

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Deep eutectic ionic liquids based on DABCO-derived quaternary ammonium salts: A promising reaction medium

Muhammad Faisal, Azeem Haider, Quret ul Aein, Aamer Saeed, Fayaz Ali Larik

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 586-598 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1788-6

摘要： Owing to the directional H-bonding, coordination and -stacking abilities, terpyridines have been widely used as supramolecular tectons in molecular architectures, skeletons in molecular devices and metallopolymers, and are gaining importance in medicinal chemistry. In this paper, we have synthesized, characterized and applied deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs) based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; triethylenediamine (DABCO)-derived quaternary ammonium salts for the preparation of terpyridines. These DEILs were synthesized through -alkylation of DABCO with haloalkanes (1-bromopentane or 1-bromoheptane) followed by mixing and heating with methanol or polyethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor. The synthesized DEILs were structurally characterized by IR and NMR. The formation of deep eutectic solvent was confirmed by freezing point depression, it composition was investigated through phase diagram, and its thermal stability was determined through differential scanning calorimetry, derivative thermogravimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis studies. Further, theseDEILswereinvestigatedfor theireffectivenesstowards synthesis of 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, 3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridineand 4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridinederivatives through Kröhnke reaction. The results show that these three types of terpyridines can be obtained in reasonable yields (80% 97%) by the one-pot reaction of 2-, 3- or 4-acetylpyridine with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of DEIL as a reaction medium, sodium hydroxide as a base and ammonium acetate as a cyclizing agent. This methodology is highly efficient and cost-effective for synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical terpyridines. Importantly, these DEILs can be reused several times without an obvious loss of activity and are non-toxic, low-volatile, biodegradable and highly thermally stable. Therefore, these DEILs as a non-conventional reaction medium for the synthesis of terpyridines provides appealing opportunities to be investigated in the domain of green synthesis.

关键词： terpyridine deep eutectic solvent ionic liquid Kröhnke reaction DABCO

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Synthesis of nanofluids composed of deep eutectic solvents and metal-modified MCM-41 particles as multifunctional

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期页码 1776-1787 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2314-z

摘要： Compared with traditional hydrodesulfurization, new nonhydrodesulfurization methods have the advantage of a high removal efficiency for thiophene compounds under mild conditions. However, independent nonhydrodesulfurization technologies are faced with their own shortcomings, such as limitations of the desulfurization performance and regeneration of materials. To overcome these limitations, four nanofluids were prepared by dispersing different metal-modified MCM-41 particles in deep eutectic solvent as multifunctional promoters to develop a comprehensive desulfurization method. Based on the excellent adsorbability and high catalytic activity of the dispersed particles and the outstanding extractability of deep eutectic solvent in nanofluids, a high sulfur removal of 99.33% was achieved for model oil under mild conditions in 15 min. The nanofluids also showed excellent reusability due to their high structural stability. In addition, NF@Cu/Al-MCM-41-2.5% exhibited the best desulfurization performance among the prepared nanofluids. This result was obtained because the introduction of Al ions increased the number of acid sites and defect sites to improve the catalytic activity and adsorbability, and the best affinity of Cu/Al-MCM-41 for the deep eutectic solvent favored the reaction mass transfer. This work opens the door to the development of a comprehensive nonhydrodesulfurization method based on the design of nanofluid materials.

关键词： fuel oil desulfurization nanofluids catalytic ozonation

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Latest research progress for LBE coolant reactor of China initiative accelerator driven system project

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 810-831 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0760-1

摘要： China’s accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS) development has made significant progress during the past decade. With the successful construction and operation of the international prototype of ADS superconducting proton linac, the lead-based critical/subcritical zero-power facility VENUS-II and the comprehensive thermal-hydraulic and material test facilities for LBE (lead bismuth eutectic) coolant, China is playing a pivotal role in advanced steady-state operations toward the next step, the ADS project. The China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) is the next facility for China’s ADS program, aimed to bridge the gaps between the ADS experiment and the LBE cooled subcritical reactor. The total power of the CiADS will reach 10 MW. The CiADS engineering design was approved by Chinese government in 2018. Since then, the CiADS project has been fully transferred to the construction application stage. The subcritical reactor is an important part of the whole CiADS project. Currently, a pool-type LBE cooled fast reactor is chosen as the subcritical reactor of the CiADS. Physical and thermal experiments and software development for LBE coolant were conducted simultaneously to support the design and construction of the CiADS LBE-cooled subcritical reactor. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the efforts made in China in the LBE-cooled fast reactor to provide certain supporting data and reference solutions for further design and development for ADS. Thus, the roadmap of China’s ADS, the development process of the CiADS, the important design of the current CiADS subcritical reactor, and the efforts to build the LBE-cooled fast reactor are presented.

关键词： LBE (lead bismuth eutectic) coolant reactor China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) project research progress

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Measurement and correlation of the solid-liquid equilibrium of 2-(

Yanhong SUN, Zhiyong LI, Chuang XIE, Wei CHEN, Cui ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 110-115 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1316-7

摘要： In this work, the enthalpy of fusion and melting points of 2-( -butyl)-5-methylphenol (2B5MP) and 2-( -butyl)-4-methylphenol (2B4MP) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The binary solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) of both compounds were predicted by integrated computer aided system (ICAS) and measured by DSC. The corresponding eutectic molar composition is 0.6998 and the eutectic temperature is 281.96 K. The quasi-static heat capacities of 2B5MP and 2B4MP were evaluated by stochastic temperature modulation DSC technique (TOPEM). The SLE experimental data were correlated using the Margules, Wilson, and non-random two liquid (NRTL) equations and a good agreement between measurement and calculation could be obtained.

关键词： solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) eutectic integrated computer aided system (ICAS) TOPEM correlation

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Experiments on the effect of the pressure on the mineral transformation of coal ash under the different reaction atmosphere

Nijie JING, Qinhui WANG, Zhongyang LUO, Tao JIE, Xiaomin LI, Kefa CEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 394-399 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0505-x

摘要： This paper investigated the effect of the pressures, reaction atmospheres and coal ash species on the ash fusibility with high-pressure thermogravimetric analysis (PTGA) apparatus and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Each specimen analyzed by XRD was observed for the mineral conversion and formation of new minerals with the pressures under different atmospheres. These results indicate that the pressure restrains the transformation and decomposition of minerals. Many low-temperature minerals are still present under the elevated pressure. The different reaction atmospheres have different effects on the formation of coal ash minerals. Under the N atmosphere, the present microcline may decrease the melting temperature of coal ash. And later, it transforms into sanidine at high pressure; thus, the melting temperature of coal ash may increase. Under the CO atmosphere, the minerals such as microcline, lomonitite, geothite and illite are still present with the increase in pressure; this may reduce the melting temperature. While under the H O atmosphere, there are magnetite and anorthoclase, which may produce the low-temperature eutectics decreasing the melting temperature. The coal ash abundance in basic oxides or higher SiO , Fe O , K O and Na O has lower melting temperature. While the ash sample with more SiO and Al O and less Fe O and basic oxides may lead to higher melting temperature.

关键词： ash fusibility XRD analysis PTGA low-temperature eutectic

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中国ADS 铅基反应堆设计与研发进展 Review

吴宜灿

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 124-131 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.023

摘要：

2011年，在中国科学院战略性先导专项“未来先进核裂变能——加速器驱动次临界嬗变系统”等项目的支持下，针对加速器驱动次临界系统和第四代铅冷快堆的技术发展目标和试验要求，完成了具有临界和加速器驱动次临界双模式运行能力的10 MW中国铅基研究堆CLEAR-I的概念设计，建成了KYLIN系列铅铋回路试验平台，并在此基础上开展了反应堆冷却剂技术、关键组件、结构材料与燃料、反应堆运行与控制技术等铅铋反应堆关键技术的研发。为验证及测试铅基堆关键组件和综合操作技术，正在开展铅合金冷却非核反应堆CLEAR-S、铅基零功率核反应堆CLEAR-0和铅基虚拟反应堆CLEAR-V的建设。

关键词：加速器驱动次临界系统中国铅基反应堆铅铋共晶技术研发进展