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2015, Volume 16, Issue 3

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering >> 2015, Volume 16, Issue 3 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400305

Real-time monitoring of brake shoe keys in freight cars

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.2. MOE Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.3. MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Available online: 2015-03-12
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Abstract

Condition monitoring ensures the safety of freight railroad operations. With the development of machine vision technology, visual inspection has become a principal means of condition monitoring. The brake shoe key (BSK) is an important component in the brake system, and its absence will lead to serious accidents. This paper presents a novel method for automated visual inspection of the BSK condition in freight cars. BSK images are first acquired by hardware devices. The subsequent inspection process is divided into three stages: first, the region-of-interest (ROI) is segmented from the source image by an improved spatial pyramid matching scheme based on multi-scale census transform (MSCT). To localize the BSK in the ROI, census transform (CT) on gradient images is developed in the second stage. Then gradient encoding histogram (GEH) features and linear support vector machines (SVMs) are used to generate a BSK localization classifier. In the last stage, a condition classifier is trained by SVM, but the features are extracted from gray images. Finally, the ROI, BSK localization, and condition classifiers are cascaded to realize a completely automated inspection system. Experimental results show that the system achieves a correct inspection rate of 99.2% and a speed of 5 frames/s, which represents a good real-time performance and high recognition accuracy.

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