TPE-H2MWD: an exact thumbnail preserving encryption scheme with hidden Markov model and weighted diffusion
Affiliation(s): School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan Engineering Research Center for Industrial Internet of Things, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Software, Intelligent Data Processing Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Institute of Intelligent Network System, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China; less
Received: 2022-10-21
Accepted: 2023-08-29
Available online: 2023-08-29
Abstract
With the substantial increase in image transmission, the demand for image security is increasing. Noise-like images can be obtained by conventional encryption schemes, and although the security of the images can be guaranteed, the noise-like images cannot be directly previewed and retrieved. Based on the rank-then-encipher method, some researchers have designed a three-pixel exact thumbnail preserving encryption (TPE2) scheme, which can be applied to balance the security and availability of images, but this scheme has low encryption efficiency. In this paper, we introduce an efficient exact thumbnail preserving encryption scheme. First, blocking and bit-plane decomposition operations are performed on the plaintext image. The zigzag scrambling model is used to change the bit positions in the lower four bit planes. Subsequently, an operation is devised to permute the higher four bit planes, which is an extended application of the . Finally, according to the difference in bit weights in each bit plane, a bit-level rule is established to generate an encrypted image and still maintain the same sum of pixels within the block. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the encryption efficiency and can guarantee the availability of images while protecting their privacy.
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