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A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata Research Articles

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 11,   Pages 1441-1550 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000590

Abstract: New technologies such as have been showing some remarkable characteristics that standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) in deep sub-micron cannot afford. Modeling systems and designing multiple-valued logic gates with QCA have advantages that facilitate the design of complicated logic circuits. In this paper, we propose a novel creative concept for . The concept has been set in , the new simulator developed by our team exclusively for QCAs’ quaternary mode. Proposed basic gates such as MIN, MAX, and different types of inverters (SQI, PQI, NQI, and IQI) have been designed and verified by . This study will exemplify how fast and accurately works by its handy set of CAD tools. A 1×4 decoder is presented using our proposed main gates. Preference points such as the minimum delay, area, and complexity have been achieved in this work. QQCA main logic gates are compared with based on carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET). The results show that the proposed design is more efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption.

Keywords： 量子点细胞自动机（QCA）；四值逻辑；量子点细胞自动模拟器（QCASim）；四值QCA（QQCA）；四值译码器；四值门    

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A multistandard and resource-efficient Viterbi decoder for a multimode communication system None

Yi-qi XIE, Zhi-guo YU, Yang FENG, Lin-na ZHAO, Xiao-feng GU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 4,   Pages 536-543 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601596

Abstract: We present a novel standard convolutional symbols generator (SCSG) block for a multi-parameter reconfigurable Viterbi decoder to optimize resource consumption and adaption of multiple parameters. The SCSG block generates all the states and calculates all the possible standard convolutional symbols corresponding to the states using an iterative approach. The architecture of the Viterbi decoder based on the SCSG reduces resource consumption for recalculating the branch metrics and rearranging the correspondence between branch metrics and transition paths. The proposed architecture supports constraint lengths from 3 to 9, code rates of 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4, and fully optional polynomials. The proposed Viterbi decoder has been implemented on the Xilinx XC7VX485T device with a high throughput of about 200 Mbps and a low resource consumption of 162k logic gates.

Keywords： Reconfigurable Viterbi decoder     Multi-parameter     Low resource consumption     Standard convolutional symbols generator (SCSG)     Fully optional polynomials    

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ApipelinedReed-Solomon decoder based on a modified step-by-step algorithm Article

Xing-ru PENG,Wei ZHANG,Yan-yan LIU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 9,   Pages 954-961 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500303

Abstract: We propose a pipelined Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder for an ultra-wideband system using a modified stepby-step algorithm. To reduce the complexity, the modified step-by-step algorithm merges two cases of the original algorithm. The pipelined structure allows the decoder to work at high rates with minimum delay. Consequently, for RS(23,17) codes, the proposed architecture requires 42.5% and 24.4% less area compared with a modified Euclidean architecture and a pipelined degree-computationless modified Euclidean architecture, respectively. The area of the proposed decoder is 11.3% less than that of the previous step-by-step decoder with a lower critical path delay.

Keywords： Reed-Solomon codes     Step-by-step algorithm     Ultra-wideband     Pipelined structure    

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A novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter Research Articles

Yulong HUANG, Mingming BAI, Yonggang ZHANG,heuedu@163.com,mingming.bai@hrbeu.edu.cn,zhangyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 422-437 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000642

Abstract: This paper presents a novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter (MORKF) for linear stochastic discrete-time systems. A new is first proposed to evaluate the similarity between two random vectors from dimension to dimension. Then, the proposed MORKF is derived via maximizing a based cost function. The MORKF guarantees the convergence of iterations in mild conditions, and the boundedness of the approximation errors is analyzed theoretically. The selection strategy for the similarity function and comparisons with existing robust methods are presented. Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed filter.

Keywords： Kalman filtering     Multiple statistical similarity measure     Multiple outliers     Fixed-point iteration     State estimate    

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Active fault-tolerant tracking control of a quadrotorwith model uncertainties and actuator faults None

Yu-jiang ZHONG, Zhi-xiang LIU, You-min ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Jun-yi ZUO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 1,   Pages 95-106 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800570

Abstract:

This paper presents a reliable active fault-tolerant tracking control system (AFTTCS) for actuator faults in a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (QUAV). The proposed AFTTCS is designed based on a well-known model reference adaptive control (MRAC) framework that guarantees the global asymptotic stability of a QUAV system. To mitigate the negative impacts of model uncertainties and enhance system robustness, a radial basis function neural network is incorporated into the MRAC scheme for adaptively identifying the model uncertainties online and modifying the reference model. Meanwhile, actuator dynamics are considered to avoid undesirable performance degradation. Furthermore, a fault detection and diagnosis estimator is constructed to diagnose lossof-control-effectiveness faults in actuators. Based on the fault information, a fault compensation term is added to the control law to compensate for the adverse effects of actuator faults. Simulation results show that the proposed AFTTCS enables the QUAV to track the desired reference commands in the absence/presence of actuator faults with satisfactory performance.

Keywords： Model reference adaptive control     Neural network     Quadrotor     Fault-tolerant control     Fault detection and diagnosis    

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Safe navigation of quadrotorswith jerk limited trajectory None

Shu-peng LAI, Meng-lu LAN, Ya-xuan LI, Ben M. CHEN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 1,   Pages 107-119 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800719

Abstract:

Many aerial applications require unmanned aerial systems operate in safe zones because of the presence of obstacles or security regulations. It is a non-trivial task to generate a smooth trajectory satisfying both dynamic constraints and motion limits of the unmanned vehicles while being inside the safe zones. Then the task becomes even more challenging for real-time applications, for which computational efficiency is crucial. In this study, we present a safe flying corridor navigation method, which combines jerk limited trajectories with an efficient testing method to update the position setpoints in real time. Trajectories are generated online and incrementally with a cycle time smaller than 10 μs, which is exceptionally suitable for vehicles with limited onboard computational capability. Safe zones are represented with multiple interconnected bounding boxes which can be arbitrarily oriented. The jerk limited trajectory generation algorithm has been extended to cover the cases with asymmetrical motion limits. The proposed method has been successfully tested and verified in flight simulations and actual experiments.

Keywords： Quadrotor     Unmanned aerial vehicle     Motion planning    

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Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information Article

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 615-626 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601029

Abstract: Controller area network (CAN) based fieldbus technologies have been widely used in networked manufacturing systems. As the information channel of the system, the reliability of the network is crucial to the system throughput, product quality, and work crew safety. However, due to the inaccessibility of the nodes’ internal states, direct assessment of the reliability of CAN nodes using the nodes’ internal error counters is infeasible. In this paper, a novel CAN node reliability assessment method, which uses node’s time to bus-off as the reliability measure, is proposed. The method estimates the transmit error counter (TEC) of any node in the network based on the network error log and the information provided by the observable nodes whose error counters are accessible. First, a node TEC estimation model is established based on segmented Markov chains. It considers the sparseness of the distribution of the CAN network errors. Second, by learning the differences between the model estimates and the actual values from the observable node, a Bayesian network is developed for the estimation updating mechanism of the observable nodes. Then, this estimation updating mechanism is transferred to general CAN nodes with no TEC value accessibility to update the TEC estimation. Finally, a node reliability assessment method is developed to predict the time to reach bus-off state of the nodes. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Experimental results show that the estimates using the proposed model agree well with actual observations.

Keywords： Controller area network (CAN)     Transmit error counter (TEC)     TEC value estimation     Bayesian network     Bus-off hitting time    

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Vascular segmentation of neuroimages based on a prior shape and local statistics Research Articles

Yun TIAN, Zi-feng LIU, Shi-feng ZHAO

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 8,   Pages 1099-1108 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800129

Abstract: Fast and accurate extraction of vascular structures from medical images is fundamental for many clinical procedures. However, most of the vessel segmentation techniques ignore the existence of the isolated and redundant points in the segmentation results. In this study, we propose a vascular segmentation method based on a prior shape and local statistics. It could efficiently eliminate outliers and accurately segment thick and thin vessels. First, an improved vesselness filter is defined. This quantifies the likelihood of each voxel belonging to a bright tubular-shaped structure. A matching and connection process is then performed to obtain a blood-vessel mask. Finally, the region-growing method based on local statistics is implemented on the vessel mask to obtain the whole vascular tree without outliers. Experiments and comparisons with Frangi’s and Yang’s models on real magneticresonance-angiography images demonstrate that the proposed method can remove outliers while preserving the connectivity of vessel branches.

Keywords： Vesselness filter     Neighborhood     Blood-vessel segmentation     Outlier    

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Wide-range tracking technique for process-variation-robust clock and data recovery applications Article

Jun-sheng LV, You LI, Yu-mei ZHOU, Jian-zhong ZHAO, Hai-hua SHEN, Feng ZHANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 729-737 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500410

Abstract: A wide-range tracking technique for clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is presented. Compared to the traditional technique, a digital CDR controller with calibration is adopted to extend the tracking range. Because of the use of digital circuits in the design, CDR is not sensitive to process and power supply variations. To verify the technique, the whole CDR circuit is implemented using 65-nm CMOS technology. Measurements show that the tracking range of CDR is greater than ±6×10 at 5 Gb/s. The receiver has good jitter tolerance performance and achieves a bit error rate of<10 . The re-timed and re-multiplexed serial data has a root-mean-square jitter of 6.7 ps.

Keywords： Clock and data recovery     Digital loop filter     Phase interpolator    

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Binary neural networks for speech recognition Regular Papers

Yan-min QIAN, Xu XIANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 5,   Pages 701-715 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800469

Abstract:

Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) significantly outperform Gaussian mixture models in acoustic modeling for speech recognition. However, the substantial increase in computational load during the inference stage makes deep models difficult to directly deploy on low-power embedded devices. To alleviate this issue, structure sparseness and low precision fixed-point quantization have been applied widely. In this work, binary neural networks for speech recognition are developed to reduce the computational cost during the inference stage. A fast implementation of binary matrix multiplication is introduced. On modern central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures, a 5–7 times speedup compared with full precision floatingpoint matrix multiplication can be achieved in real applications. Several kinds of binary neural networks and related model optimization algorithms are developed for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition acoustic modeling. In addition, to improve the accuracy of binary models, knowledge distillation from the normal full precision floating-point model to the compressed binary model is explored. Experiments on the standard Switchboard speech recognition task show that the proposed binary neural networks can deliver 3–4 times speedup over the normal full precision deep models. With the knowledge distillation from the normal floating-point models, the binary DNNs or binary convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can restrict the word error rate (WER) degradation to within 15.0%, compared to the normal full precision floating-point DNNs or CNNs, respectively. Particularly for the binary CNN with binarization only on the convolutional layers, the WER degradation is very small and is almost negligible with the proposed approach.

Keywords： Speech recognition     Binary neural networks     Binary matrix multiplication     Knowledge distillation     Population count    

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Stochastic Earned Duration Analysis for Project Schedule Management Review

Fernando Acebes,David Poza,José Manuel González-Varona,Adolfo López-Paredes

Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 148-162 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.019

Abstract:

Earned duration management (EDM) is a methodology for project schedule management (PSM) that can be considered an alternative to earned value management (EVM). EDM provides an estimation of deviations in schedule and a final project duration estimation. There is a key difference between EDM and EVM: In EDM, the value of activities is expressed as work periods; whereas in EVM, value is expressed in terms of cost. In this paper, we present how EDM can be applied to monitor and control stochastic projects. To explain the methodology, we use a real case study with a project that presents a high level of uncertainty and activities with random durations. We analyze the usability of this approach according to the activities network topology and compare the EVM and earned schedule methodology (ESM) for PSM.

Keywords： Earned duration management     Earned value management     Stochastic project control     Duration forecasting     Uncertainty    

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Unpowered Knee Exoskeleton Reduces Quadriceps Activity during Cycling Article

Ronnapee Chaichaowarat,Jun Kinugawa,Kazuhiro Kosuge

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 471-478 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.07.011

Abstract:

Cycling is an eco-friendly method of transport and recreation. With the intent of reducing the energy cost of cycling without providing an additional energy source, we have proposed the use of a torsion spring for knee-extension support. We developed an exoskeleton prototype using a crossing four-bar mechanism as a knee joint with an embedded torsion spring. This study evaluates the passive knee exoskeleton using constant-power cycling tests performed by eight healthy male participants. We recorded the surface electromyography over the rectus femoris muscles of both legs, while the participants cycled at 200 and 225W on a trainer with the developed wheel-accelerating system. We then analyzed these data in time–frequency via a continuous wavelet transform. At the same cycling speed and leg cadence, the median power spectral frequency of the electromyography increases with cycling load. At the same cycling load, the median power spectral frequency decreases when cycling with the exoskeleton. Quadriceps activity can be relieved despite the exoskeleton consuming no electrical energy and not delivering net-positive mechanical work. This fundamental can be applied to the further development of wearable devices for cycling assistance.

Keywords： Augmentation     Cycling     Energy cost     Electromyography     Exoskeleton     Knee     Orthosis     Muscle activity    

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The age measurese and its layer sequence stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediment in Lushan Dajiaochang of China

Hu Dongsheng,Hu Rong,Li Xiaoyu,Hu Wenxuan,Wang Xulong,Tian Xinhong,Liu Weiguo,Zhang Guowei

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 11,   Pages 36-43

Abstract:

On the distance science review of the Lushan region, the particular researched for the geologic stratum section of Late Quaternary Period in the Lushan Dajiaochang area. This introduced or with the ancient terrestrial magnetism, and electronics spin resonance (ESR) and 36Cl, and luminescence dating etc. of various instrument of the dating method are analysis, they constituted the whole geologic strata of the complete section from the series age data that since 400 Ka.B.P., there be opposite to with it identified out the Biwa-III (320 Ka.B.P.) event, and the Biwa-II (260 Ka.B.P.) event, and the Biwa-I (180 Ka.B.P.) event (the molest influence of the iron dish is scarcity), and the Blake (100 Ka.B.P.) event, and the Laschamp (20 Ka.B.P.) event (the activity influence of the surface layer is not growth) etc. of events of ancient terrestrial magnetism. That also combined the layer sequence geologic strata and the layer type characteristics and sink to cumulate the sediment environment, by early to night for thedivided to 4 developmentic gyrational stages the section geologic strata: the I stage is climate period of the glacial epoch (400~200 Ka.B.P.), the II stage is climate period of the interglacial epoch (200~100 Ka.B.P.), the III stage is climate period of the glacial marginal epoch (100~10 Ka.B.P.), the IV stage is climate period of the post glacial epoch (10~0 Ka.B.P.).

Keywords： sediment of late quaternary period     various dating data     layer type sequence and synthesis age     gyrational stages of sediments     Dajiaochang area of Lushan in China    

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Sampling formulas for 2D quaternionic signals associated with various quaternion Fourier and linear canonical transforms Research Articles

Xiaoxiao HU, Dong CHENG, Kit Ian KOU,huxiaoxiao3650@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 3,   Pages 463-478 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000499

Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to study different types of sampling formulas of quaternionic functions, which are bandlimited under various quaternion Fourier and linear canonical transforms. We show that the quaternionic bandlimited functions can be reconstructed from their samples as well as the samples of their derivatives and Hilbert transforms. In addition, the relationships among different types of sampling formulas under various transforms are discussed. First, if the quaternionic function is bandlimited to a rectangle that is symmetric about the origin, then the sampling formulas under various are identical. If this rectangle is not symmetric about the origin, then the sampling formulas under various are different from each other. Second, using the relationship between the two-sided quaternion Fourier transform and the linear canonical transform, we derive sampling formulas under various . Third, of these sampling formulas are estimated. Finally, some simulations are provided to show how the sampling formulas can be used in applications.

Keywords： Quaternion Fourier transforms     Quaternion linear canonical transforms     Sampling theorem     Quaternion partial and total Hilbert transforms     Generalized quaternion partial and total Hilbert transforms     Truncation errors    

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Proximal policy optimization with an integral compensator for quadrotor control Research

Huan Hu, Qing-ling Wang,qlwang@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 5,   Pages 649-808 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900641

Abstract: We use the advanced (PPO) algorithm to optimize the stochastic control strategy to achieve speed control of the “model-free” quadrotor. The model is controlled by four learned s, which directly map the system states to control commands in an end-to-end style. By introducing an integral compensator into the actor-critic framework, the speed tracking accuracy and robustness have been greatly enhanced. In addition, a two-phase learning scheme which includes both offline- and online-learning is developed for practical use. A model with strong generalization ability is learned in the offline phase. Then, the flight policy of the model is continuously optimized in the online learning phase. Finally, the performances of our proposed algorithm are compared with those of the traditional PID algorithm.

Keywords： 强化学习；近端策略优化；四旋翼控制；神经网络    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A creative concept for designing and simulating quaternary logic gates in quantum-dot cellular automata

Alireza Navidi, Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Massoud Dousti,alireza.navidi@srbiau.ac.ir,r_sabbaghi@iauctb.ac.ir,m_dousti@srbiau.ac.ir

Journal Article

A multistandard and resource-efficient Viterbi decoder for a multimode communication system

Yi-qi XIE, Zhi-guo YU, Yang FENG, Lin-na ZHAO, Xiao-feng GU

Journal Article

ApipelinedReed-Solomon decoder based on a modified step-by-step algorithm

Xing-ru PENG,Wei ZHANG,Yan-yan LIU

Journal Article

A novel multiple-outlier-robust Kalman filter

Yulong HUANG, Mingming BAI, Yonggang ZHANG,heuedu@163.com,mingming.bai@hrbeu.edu.cn,zhangyg@hrbeu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Active fault-tolerant tracking control of a quadrotorwith model uncertainties and actuator faults

Yu-jiang ZHONG, Zhi-xiang LIU, You-min ZHANG, Wei ZHANG, Jun-yi ZUO

Journal Article

Safe navigation of quadrotorswith jerk limited trajectory

Shu-peng LAI, Meng-lu LAN, Ya-xuan LI, Ben M. CHEN

Journal Article

Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Journal Article

Vascular segmentation of neuroimages based on a prior shape and local statistics

Yun TIAN, Zi-feng LIU, Shi-feng ZHAO

Journal Article

Wide-range tracking technique for process-variation-robust clock and data recovery applications

Jun-sheng LV, You LI, Yu-mei ZHOU, Jian-zhong ZHAO, Hai-hua SHEN, Feng ZHANG

Journal Article

Binary neural networks for speech recognition

Yan-min QIAN, Xu XIANG

Journal Article

Stochastic Earned Duration Analysis for Project Schedule Management

Fernando Acebes,David Poza,José Manuel González-Varona,Adolfo López-Paredes

Journal Article

Unpowered Knee Exoskeleton Reduces Quadriceps Activity during Cycling

Ronnapee Chaichaowarat,Jun Kinugawa,Kazuhiro Kosuge

Journal Article

The age measurese and its layer sequence stratigraphy of Late Quaternary sediment in Lushan Dajiaochang of China

Hu Dongsheng,Hu Rong,Li Xiaoyu,Hu Wenxuan,Wang Xulong,Tian Xinhong,Liu Weiguo,Zhang Guowei

Journal Article

Sampling formulas for 2D quaternionic signals associated with various quaternion Fourier and linear canonical transforms

Xiaoxiao HU, Dong CHENG, Kit Ian KOU,huxiaoxiao3650@163.com

Journal Article

Proximal policy optimization with an integral compensator for quadrotor control

Huan Hu, Qing-ling Wang,qlwang@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article