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A perspective on the promoting effect of Ir and Au on Pd toward the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media

G. GUO, G. H. WEI, L. X. LUO, F. LI, J. L. ZHANG

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 501-508 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0586-7

Abstract: There remain great challenges in developing highly efficient electrocatalysts with both high activity and good stability for the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media. Herein, two architectures of tri-metallic PdIrAu/C electrocatalysts are designed and the promoting effect of Au and Ir on Pd toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline media is investigated in detail. On the one hand, the tri-metallic Pd Au Ir/C electrocatalyst with a solid solution alloy architecture is less active relative to Pd Ir/C and Pd/C while the stabilizing effect of Au leads to both a higher activity and a lower degradation percentage after 3000 cycles of the accelerated degradation test (ADT) on Pd Au Ir/C than those on Pd Ir/C. On the other hand, the tri-metallic Pd Ir@(1/3Au)/C electrocatalyst with a near surface alloy architecture delivers a much higher activity with an improvement up to 50.4% compared to Pd Ir/C. It is speculated that for the tri-metallic Pd Ir@(1/3Au)/C electrocatalyst, certain Au atoms are well designed on surfaces to introduce an electronic modification, thus leading to an anti-poisoning effect and improving the EOR activity.

Keywords： fuel cells     catalysts     ethanol oxidation     alkaline media     solid solution alloy     near surface alloy    

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Key stakeholders’ perspectives on the ideal partnering culture in construction projects

LÜHR, Marian G. C. BOSCH-REKVELDT, Mladen RADUJKOVIC

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 312-325 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0135-z

Abstract: This paper examines the current state of project cultures in the German turnkey construction industry and the ideal project cultures in terms of partnering from the perspective of various key stakeholders (i.e., Investors, General Contractors, (Sub-)Contractors and Designers). To investigate the current and ideal cultures, data were gathered among the key stakeholders by means of a survey study with 72 respondents divided over 12 companies. The respondents rated the current and desired cultures by using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument, which belongs to the Competing Values Framework. The investigations show many similarities and differences between the stakeholder perspectives of the current and the idealized partnering project cultures. Mainly, the General Contractors desire more cooperative behaviors than the (Sub-)Contractors, and the Investors desire more pronounced flexibility than the General Contractors. All stakeholders desire a cultural change from highly competitive behaviors toward more cooperation. Changes in terms of clear procedures or more flexibility are only desired by the Designers. Defining both the current and an ideal partnering project culture enables academics and project managers to compare their actual project cultures to an ideal situation. With such an approach, academics and project managers could measure whether new tools or changes in resources affect their project cultures toward a partnering project culture.

Keywords： project culture     organisational culture     partnering     construction culture     stakeholder perspectives     German    

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A modular design kit for task-adaptable low-cost robots based on BaPaMan design

G. BORCHERT, C. L?CHTE, G. CARBONE, A. RAATZ

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 33-41 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0356-5

Abstract:

This paper discusses the redesign of a binary parallel manipulator named BaPaMan (Binary Actuated Parallel Manipulator). The aim of this work is the improvement of the structures stiffness of BaPaMan. Additionally this paper shows the implementation of a construction kit which allows task-adaptation of low-cost robots based on the BaPaMan structure. BaPaMan is a three degree of freedom (DOF) spatial parallel robot which comprises flexure hinges and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to achieve a low-cost design, well suited for easy operation applications. Measurements have shown that this comes at the cost of poor structural stiffness and end effector accuracy. To counter these issues BaPaMan2 and BaPaMan3 have been developed and are elaborated within this work. During the design phase, an empirical FEA is used to improve the flexure hinge performance, which analyses relations between several design parameters and the stiffness of the entire system. Finally, task-adaptation is achieved by using a design methodology and a parametric CAD model for BaPaMan. Besides the paper introduces first applications of the BaPaMan structure and shows future work.

Keywords： binary actuation     flexure hinges     SMA actuators     low-cost     design kit     task-adaptation    

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Marine Renewable Energy Seascape Review

Alistair G. L. Borthwick

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 69-78 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.011

Abstract:

Energy production based on fossil fuel reserves is largely responsible for carbon emissions, and hence global warming. The planet needs concerted action to reduce fossil fuel usage and to implement carbon mitigation measures. Ocean energy has huge potential, but there are major interdisciplinary problems to be overcome regarding technology, cost reduction, investment, environmental impact, governance, and so forth. This article briefly reviews ocean energy production from offshore wind, tidal stream, ocean current, tidal range, wave, thermal, salinity gradients, and biomass sources. Future areas of research and development are outlined that could make exploitation of the marine renewable energy (MRE) seascape a viable proposition; these areas include energy storage, advanced materials, robotics, and informatics. The article concludes with a sustainability perspective on the MRE seascape encompassing ethics, legislation, the regulatory environment, governance and consenting, economic, social, and environmental constraints. A new generation of engineers is needed with the ingenuity and spirit of adventure to meet the global challenge posed by MRE.

Keywords： Marine renewable energy     Offshore wind     Tidal stream     Ocean current     Tidal range     Wave energy     Ocean thermal energy     Bioenergy     Sustainability    

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Antifungal and antibacterial functions of medicinal leech recombinant destabilase-lysozyme and its heated-up derivative

G. YUDINA, Danyang GUO, N. F. PISKUNKOVA, I. B. PAVLOVA, L. L. ZAVALOVA, I. P. BASKOVA

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 203-209 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1277-2

Abstract: Antifungal activity of recombinant medicinal leech destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest-Lys) was investigated by using fungi: , and , including yeasts and . Its antibacterial activity was investigated on gram-negative bacteria . These activities were assessed by radial agar diffusion assay, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, destabilase-lysozyme not only is endo-isopeptidase and lysozyme, but also has antifungal and antibacterial activities. Muramidase activity of rec.Dest-Lys disappeared after heat-treating at 90°C for 50 min without the loss of its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore we showed for the first time that the heated-up derivative of rec.Dest-Lys exhibited more potent activities against the above enumerated fungi and gram-negative bacteria than original protein.

Keywords： recombinant destabilase-lysozyme (rec.Dest-Lys)     antimicrobial activity     antifungal activity     medicinal leech     heated-up derivative of rec.Dest-Lys (T-rec.Dest-Lys)    

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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L.

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 111-129 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020373

Abstract: Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.

Keywords： circular agriculture     coupled farming systems     mixed farming     specialised farming systems     GHG    

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A DNA sensor based on upconversion nanoparticles and two-dimensional dichalcogenide materials

El-Sagheer, Tom Brown, Otto L. Muskens, Antonios G. Kanaras

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 935-943 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2023-9

Abstract: with high sensitivity and specificity whilst reaching a concentration detection limit as low as 5 fmol·L

Keywords： upconversion nanoparticles     DNA sensor     two-dimensional materials     MoS2     WS2    

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Design innovation of mesoscale robotic swarms: applications to cooperative urban sensing and mapping Special Feature on Intelligent Design

Audelia G. DHARMAWAN, Gim Song SOH, Shaohui FOONG, Roland BOUFFANAIS, Kristin L. WOOD

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 12, doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900384

Abstract: Development of mesoscale robots is gaining interest in security and surveillance domains due to their stealth and portable nature in achieving tasks. Their design and development require a host of hardware, controls, and behavioral innovations to yield fast, energy-efficient, distributed, adaptive, robust, and scalable systems. We extensively describe one such design and development process by: (1) the genealogy of our embedded platforms; (2) the key system architecture and functional layout; (3) the developed and implemented design principles for mesoscale robotic systems; (4) the various key algorithms developed for effective collective operations of mesoscale robotic swarms, with applications to urban sensing and mapping. This study includes our perception of the embedded hardware requirements for reliable operations of mesoscale robotic swarms and our description of the key innovations made in magnetic sensing, indoor localization, central pattern generator control, and distributed autonomy. Although some elements of the design process of such a complex robotic system are inevitably ad-hoc, we focus on the system-of-systems design process and the component design integration. This system-of-systems process provides a basis for developing future systems in the field, and the designs represent the state-of-the-art development that may be benchmarked against and adapted to other applications.

Keywords： System-of-systems design     Mesoscale robot     Swarm     Urban sensing    

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Enhancing thermostability of -mannanase by protective additives

LIU Zhaohui, QI Wei, WU Weina, LIU Yue, HE Zhimin

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 439-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0062-8

Abstract: could apparently improve the thermal stability of -mannanase when their concentration was kept at 2 g/L.

Keywords： protective additive     g/L     orthogonal experimental     combination additive     corresponding    

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Characterizing Thermal Augmentation of Convection-Enhanced Drug Delivery with the Fiberoptic Microneedle Device Article

Ecker,John L. Robertson,Christopher G. Rylander

Engineering 2015, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 344-350 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015077

Abstract:

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising technique leveraging pressure-driven flow to increase penetration of infused drugs into interstitial spaces. We have developed a fiberoptic microneedle device for inducing local sub-lethal hyperthermia to further improve CED drug distribution volumes, and this study seeks to quantitatively characterize this approach in agarose tissue phantoms. Infusions of dye were conducted in 0.6% (w/w) agarose tissue phantoms with isothermal conditions at 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C. Infusion metrics were quantified using a custom shadowgraphy setup and image-processing algorithm. These data were used to build an empirical predictive temporal model of distribution volume as a function of phantom temperature. A second set of proof-of-concept experiments was conducted to evaluate a novel fiberoptic device capable of generating local photothermal heating during fluid infusion. The isothermal infusions showed a positive correlation between temperature and distribution volume, with the volume at 30 °C showing a 7-fold increase at 100 min over the 15 °C isothermal case. Infusions during photothermal heating (1064 nm at 500 mW) showed a similar effect with a 3.5-fold increase at 4 h over the control (0 mW). These results and analyses serve to provide insight into and characterization of heat-mediated enhancement of volumetric dispersal.

Keywords： near-infrared laser     thermochemotherapy     agarose     photothermal heating     micro-catheter     malignant glioma    

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2020普遍通信与5G技术国际会议(UC5G 2020)

Conference Date: 26 Mar 2020

Conference Place: 上海

Administered by: APISE

Comments on the special issue on forestry of

John L. INNES

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 502-503 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017189

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Mapping Sea Level Rise Behavior in an Estuarine Delta System: A Case Study along the Shanghai Coast Article

Chen, R.L. Ruan, G.Q. Xu, G. Zeng, J.R. Zhu, Z.J. Dai, X.Y. Chen, S.H. Gu, X.L. Zhang, H.M. Wang

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 1,   Pages 156-163 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.002

Abstract:

Sea level rise (SLR) is a major projected threat of climate change that is expected to affect developing coastal cities located in estuarine delta regions. Shanghai is one such city, being located in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). It is difficult, however, for decision-makers to implement adaptation due to the uncertain causes, magnitudes, and timings of SLR behaviors. This paper attempts to map the causes and magnitudes of SLR behaviors on a decadal scale. We analyze the tidal level records from 11 tidal gauge stations and the corresponding bathymetry measurements around these stations since 1921. We identify three new SLR behaviors along the Shanghai coast due to anthropogenic geomorphologic changes (AGCs), besides the well-known eustatic sea level rise (ESLR), tectonic subsidence (TS), and urban land subsidence (ULS). The first new behavior is regional sea level rise (RSLR), which occurs as a result of land reclamation and deep waterway regulation. The second is regional sea level fall (RSLF), which occurs because the channel bed is eroded due to sediment supply decline in the river catchment. The last SLR behavior is local tidal datum rise (LTDR). Thus, we project that the magnitude of SLR for the Shanghai coast ranges from 10 cm to 16 cm from 2011 to 2030. Clarifying SLR behaviors is important to aid local decisionmakers in planning structural and non-structural measures to combat escalating flood damage costs in an estuarine delta system; this field is full of future challenges.

Keywords： Sea level rise behavior     Anthropogenic geomorphologic change     Local tidal datum     Flood management     Adaptation    

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CORRECTION to: A global carbon market?

Michael G. POLLITT

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 699-699 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0050-3

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A perspective on the promoting effect of Ir and Au on Pd toward the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media

G. GUO, G. H. WEI, L. X. LUO, F. LI, J. L. ZHANG

Journal Article

Key stakeholders’ perspectives on the ideal partnering culture in construction projects

LÜHR, Marian G. C. BOSCH-REKVELDT, Mladen RADUJKOVIC

Journal Article

A modular design kit for task-adaptable low-cost robots based on BaPaMan design

G. BORCHERT, C. L?CHTE, G. CARBONE, A. RAATZ

Journal Article

Marine Renewable Energy Seascape

Alistair G. L. Borthwick

Journal Article

Antifungal and antibacterial functions of medicinal leech recombinant destabilase-lysozyme and its heated-up derivative

G. YUDINA, Danyang GUO, N. F. PISKUNKOVA, I. B. PAVLOVA, L. L. ZAVALOVA, I. P. BASKOVA

Journal Article

REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L.

Journal Article

A DNA sensor based on upconversion nanoparticles and two-dimensional dichalcogenide materials

El-Sagheer, Tom Brown, Otto L. Muskens, Antonios G. Kanaras

Journal Article

Design innovation of mesoscale robotic swarms: applications to cooperative urban sensing and mapping

Audelia G. DHARMAWAN, Gim Song SOH, Shaohui FOONG, Roland BOUFFANAIS, Kristin L. WOOD

Journal Article

Enhancing thermostability of -mannanase by protective additives

LIU Zhaohui, QI Wei, WU Weina, LIU Yue, HE Zhimin

Journal Article

Characterizing Thermal Augmentation of Convection-Enhanced Drug Delivery with the Fiberoptic Microneedle Device

Ecker,John L. Robertson,Christopher G. Rylander

Journal Article

2020普遍通信与5G技术国际会议(UC5G 2020)

26 Mar 2020

Conference Information

Zou Yulong: 5G/6G Heterogeneous Network Communication Security and Power Internet of Things Application

17 Oct 2022

Conference Videos

Comments on the special issue on forestry of

John L. INNES

Journal Article

Mapping Sea Level Rise Behavior in an Estuarine Delta System: A Case Study along the Shanghai Coast

Chen, R.L. Ruan, G.Q. Xu, G. Zeng, J.R. Zhu, Z.J. Dai, X.Y. Chen, S.H. Gu, X.L. Zhang, H.M. Wang

Journal Article

CORRECTION to: A global carbon market?

Michael G. POLLITT

Journal Article