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A mechanical reliability study of 3-dB waveguide hybrid couplers in submillimeter and terahertz bands Research Articles

Zhongqian Niu, Bo Zhang, Daotong Li, Dongfeng Ji, Yang Liu, Yinian Feng, Tianchi Zhou, Yaohui Zhang, Yong Fan,zhangbouestc@yeah.net

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 8,   Pages 1104-1113 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000229

Abstract: This paper presents a study of s in submillimeter and terahertz bands. To show the necessity of improving the mechanical properties of the coupler’s branch in submillimeter and terahertz bands, a comprehensive study regarding the displacement of hybrid branch variation with varying width-length ratio and height-length ratio has been completed. In addition, a modified is designed and presented. Compared with the traditional branch structure, the proposed hybrid consists of a modified middle branch with circular cutouts at the top and bottom on both sides instead of the traditional rectangle branch, which increases the branch size and improves its while achieving the same performance. Simulation results show that the deformation of the modified hybrid branch is 22% less than those of other traditional structure designs under the same stress. In practice, a vibration experiment is set up to verify the of hybrid couplers. Measurement results show that the experiment deteriorates the coupling performance. Experimental results verify that the performance of the novel structure coupler is better than that of a traditional structure branch hybrid coupler under the same electrical properties.

Keywords： 定向耦合器；3-dB分支波导定向耦合器；亚毫米波器件；太赫兹电路；机械可靠性    

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Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review Review Articles

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 1,   Pages 97-115 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900491

Abstract: With a lot of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) applications being issued, wideband circuits and systems have attracted much attention because of their strong applicability and versatility. In this paper, four transformer-based ultra-wideband mm-Wave circuits demonstrated in CMOS technologies are reviewed from theoretical analysis, implementation, to performance. First, we introduce a mm-Wave low-noise amplifier with transformer-based Gm-boosting and pole-tuning techniques. It achieves wide operating bandwidth, low noise figure, and good gain performance. Second, we review an injection-current-boosting tech-nique which can significantly increase the locking range of mm-Wave injection-locked frequency triplers. Based on the injection- locked principle, we also discuss an ultra-wideband mm-Wave divider with the transformer-based high-order resonator. Finally, an E-band up-conversion mixer is presented; using the two-path transconductance stage and transformer-based load, it obtains good linearity and a large operating band.

Keywords： CMOS     Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave)     Ultra-wideband     Transformer     Low-noise amplifier     Injection-locked fre-quency tripler     Injection-locked frequency divider     Mixer    

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Reliability Design and Analysis of Spacecraft Thermal Cont rol/Thermal Management System

Li Yunze ,Ning Xianwen ,Wang Xiaoming ,Shi Xiaobo

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 7,   Pages 53-56

Abstract:

Based on the developing demand of spacecraft thermal control and thermal management, basic design schemes and analysis models for maintaining thermal control/thermal management system's reliability are developed through classifying and reviewing of common spacecraft thermal systems and devices. Examples are given to show the application patterns and methods of the reliability design schemes and analysis models, which provide a fundamental tool for advanced design and analysis for the reliability of spacecraft thermal control and thermal management system.

Keywords： spacecraft     thermal control     thermal management     reliability    

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High Sensitive Electron-Bombarded CCD for Low Light Level Imaging

Zhou Liwei,Liu Guangrong,Gao Zhiyun,Wang Zhongchun

Strategic Study of CAE 1999, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 56-62

Abstract:

The present paper reviews the recent developments of electron-bombarded charge coupled devices (EBCCD) for low-light-level imaging. The EBCCD eliminates the complicated image transfer chain associated with conventional image intensifier fibrecoupled CCD (ICCD) by integrating a thinned back-illuminated CCD directly into the vacuum of the image tube in replacement of the phosphor screen. The photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode are “proximity focusing” or “sharp focusing” directly onto the electron sensitive CCD, and the video-signal occurs. It has been shown that the EBCCD image tubes offer nearly noiseless gain, high signal to noise ratio and excellent MTF and, for this reason, are superior to conventional ICCD approaches under all light level conditions. This paper will give a detailed description on the thinned back-illuminated CCD imager design and fabrication, such as CCD chip thinning and thinned CCD backside treatment, as well as the technical parameters of different kinds of inverter type EBCCD. The performance of the proximity type EBCCD, the inverter type EBCCD and ICCD will also be compared and analyzed. Finaly, the present paper shows that these new, high performance devices of EBCCD are in an advantageous position for many applications in low-light-lev-el surveillance imaging, high energy physics and medical diagnostics.

Keywords： low-light-level imaging     charge-coupled-devices     electron-bombarded    

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Empirical study on directional millimeter-wave propagation in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications between road and roadside

Xichen Liu, Lin Yang, Daizhong Yu,362475709@qq.com,eelyang@uestc.edu.cn,15908107465@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 503-516 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000464

Abstract: With the increased demand for unmanned driving technology and big-data transmission between vehicles, (mmWave) technology, due to its characteristics of large bandwidth and low latency, is considered to be the key technology in future vehicular communication systems. Different from traditional cellular communication, the vehicular communication environment has the characteristics of long distance and high moving speed. However, the existing communication channel tests mostly select low-speed and small-range communication scenarios for testing. The test results are insufficient to provide good data support for the existing vehicular communication research; therefore, in this paper, we carry out a large number of channel measurements in mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) long-distance communication scenarios in the 41 GHz band. We study the received signal strength (RSS) in detail and find that the vibration features of RSS can be best modeled by the modified considering road roughness. Based on the obtained RSS, a novel close-in (CI) model considering the effect of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antenna heights (CI-TRH model) is developed. As for the channel characteristics, the distribution of the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread is analyzed. We also extend the two-section exponential (PDP) model to a more general form so that the distance-dependent features of the mmWave channel can be better modeled. Furthermore, the variation in both RMS delay spread and PDP shape parameters with TX-RX distance is analyzed. Analysis results show that TX and RX antenna heights have an effect on large-scale fading. Our modified , CI-TRH model, and two-section exponential PDP model are proved to be effective.

Keywords： 毫米波；两径模型；均方根时延扩展；功率延迟分布；CI-TRH路径损耗模型    

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Study on Reliability of Low-voltage Circuit Breakers and Residual Current Protective Electrical Apparatus

Lu J ianguo

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 6,   Pages 36-40

Abstract:

This paper expounded the importance of reliability study on low-voltage circuit-breakers and residual current operated circuit-breakers, introduced the general situation of their reliability study carried out by the international authoritative academic academy IEEE and pointed out the difficulty and significance of the research work on these aspects. Then this paper discussed the failure modes of low-voltage circuit-breakers and residual current operated circuit-breakers, and provided their reliability indexes and reliability compliance test plans at the first time, which provided a kind of theory and method for the reliability research work of low-voltage protective electrical apparatus carried through in Chinese electrical apparatus industry.

Keywords： failure modes     reliability indexes     reliability compliance test plan    

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Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control Research Articles

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 2,   Pages 268-290 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900447

Abstract: This study is concerned with probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs) with state feedback control. A novel definition of bisimilar PBCNs is proposed to lower computational complexity. To understand more on bisimulation relations between PBCNs, we resort to a powerful matrix manipulation called semi-tensor product (STP). Because stabilization of networks is of critical importance, the propagation of stabilization with probability one between bisimilar PBCNs is then considered and proved to be attainable. Additionally, the transient periods (the maximum number of steps to implement stabilization) of two PBCNs are certified to be identical if these two networks are paired with a bisimulation relation. The results are then extended to the probabilistic Boolean networks.

Keywords： Probabilistic Boolean control network     Bisimulation     Stabilization with probability one     State feedback control    

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Research on Direction and Location for Danger Prediction of Coal or Rock Dynamic Disaster

Xiao Hohgfei,He Xueqiu,Feng Tao,Wang Enyuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 81-86

Abstract:

In order to use the non-touch electromagnetic emission (EME) method to better forecast or predict the danger of coal or rock dynamic disaster such as coal or gas outburst, rock or coal outburst and so on, the direction and location of dangerous areas, that is, how to ascertain the monitoring direction and position for EME, is studied. The research results show that according to the computation for the changing rules of EME signals in various directions by means of the coupling equation between EME and stress, and the EME numerical results comparisons for the designated monitored spot, the best monitoring direction and the direction with most stress or maximum dangers can be ascertained. When dynamically monitoring the EME signals in tunnel head-on in the course of tunnel excavation, the monitoring antenna should be laid at the middle height of tunnel and faced with the coal stratum direction. The outburst danger can be monitored by altering the antenna monitoring direction. The available scope of prediction distance can be determined in light of the stress concentration ascertained by numerical simulation for stress field. The EME measuring results on the spot show that it is feasible to study the direction and location of dangerous areas in predicting the danger of coal or rock dynamic disaster by means of the coupling between EME and stress.

Keywords： rock or coal dynamic disaster     danger prediction     direction and location     deformation and fracture of coal or rock     couples between EME and stress     electromagnetic emission (EME)    

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Study of operation reliability based on diagnosis information for mechanical equipment

He Zhengjia,Cai Gaigai,Shen Zhongjie,Cao Hongrui,Li Bing

Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 9-14

Abstract:

The traditional reliability analysis has such shortcomings that it relies on probability statistics with the large sample statistical data. This study proposes two operation reliability assessment methods which use running condition monitoring information to realize the reliability evaluation under small sample. They are the reliability evaluation methods based on the normalized wavelet information entropy and the damage quantitative identification respectively. Vibration signals of mechanical equipment are decomposed and reconstructed by means of second generation wavelet package to acquire decomposed signals in sub-frequency bands, so that full condition information of running equipment can be adequately used. We take relative energy in each sub-frequency band to calculate normalized information entropy. The reliability degree, an important reliability index, is transformed by using the normalized wavelet information entropy to assess operation reliability for running equipment. A new operation reliability assessment index called membership reliability degree is defined and an operation reliability assessment model is built based on quantitative damage diagnosis. Successful applications have been achieved to assess operation reliability of an oxy-generator compressor and the wheel bearings in electric locomotives, which demonstrated that the proposed approaches are reasonable and effective. The paper provides new approaches without large sample size, which are independent of probability to operation reliability assessment for large machinery.

Keywords： mechanical equipment     operation reliability     normalized information entropy     membership reliability degree    

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Differential coupling contributes to synchronization via a capacitor connection between chaotic circuits Regular Papers

Yu-meng XU, Zhao YAO, Aatef HOBINY, Jun MA

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 4,   Pages 571-583 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800499

Abstract:

Nonlinear oscillators and circuits can be coupled to reach synchronization and consensus. The occurrence of complete synchronization means that all oscillators can maintain the same amplitude and phase, and it is often detected between identical oscillators. However, phase synchronization means that the coupled oscillators just keep pace in oscillation even though the amplitude of each node could be different. For dimensionless dynamical systems and oscillators, the synchronization approach depends a great deal on the selection of coupling variable and type. For nonlinear circuits, a resistor is often used to bridge the connection between two or more circuits, so voltage coupling can be activated to generate feedback on the coupled circuits. In this paper, capacitor coupling is applied between two Pikovsk-Rabinovich (PR) circuits, and electric field coupling explains the potential mechanism for differential coupling. Then symmetric coupling and cross coupling are activated to detect synchronization stability, separately. It is found that resistor-based voltage coupling via a single variable can stabilize the synchronization, and the energy flow of the controller is decreased when synchronization is realized. Furthermore, by applying appropriate intensity for the coupling capacitor, synchronization is also reached and the energy flow across the coupling capacitor is helpful in regulating the dynamical behaviors of coupled circuits, which are supported by a continuous energy exchange between capacitors and the inductor. It is also confirmed that the realization of synchronization is dependent on the selection of a coupling channel. The approach and stability of complete synchronization depend on symmetric coupling, which is activated between the same variables. Cross coupling between different variables just triggers phase synchronization. The capacitor coupling can avoid energy consumption for the case with resistor coupling, and it can also enhance the energy exchange between two coupled circuits.

Keywords： Synchronization     Voltage coupling     Chaotic circuit     Capacitor coupling    

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Robust global route planning for an autonomous underwater vehicle in a stochastic environment Research Article

Jiaxin ZHANG, Meiqin LIU, Senlin ZHANG, Ronghao ZHENG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 11,   Pages 1658-1672 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200026

Abstract:

This paper describes a route planner that enables an to selectively complete part of the predetermined tasks in the operating ocean area when the local path cost is stochastic. The problem is formulated as a variant of the . Based on the (GA), we propose the greedy strategy based GA (GGA) which includes a novel rebirth operator that maps infeasible individuals into the feasible solution space during evolution to improve the efficiency of the optimization, and use a differential evolution planner for providing the deterministic local path cost. The uncertainty of the local path cost comes from unpredictable obstacles, measurement error, and trajectory tracking error. To improve the robustness of the planner in an uncertain environment, a sampling strategy for path evaluation is designed, and the cost of a certain route is obtained by multiple sampling from the probability density functions of local paths. Monte Carlo simulations are used to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the planner. The promising simulation results show that the proposed GGA outperforms its counterparts by 4.7%–24.6% in terms of total profit, and the sampling-based GGA route planner (S-GGARP) improves the average profit by 5.5% compared to the GGA route planner (GGARP).

Keywords： Autonomous underwater vehicle     Route planning     Genetic algorithm     Orienteering problem     Stochastic path cost    

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Design and optimization of a gate-controlled dual direction electro-static discharge device for an industry-level fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor Research Article

Yang WANG, Xiangliang JIN, Jian YANG, Feng YAN, Yujie LIU, Yan PENG, Jun LUO, Jun YANG,jinxl@hunnu.edu.cn,pengyan@shu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 1,   Pages 158-170 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000504

Abstract: The input/output (I/O) pins of an industry-level fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor readout circuit need on-chip integrated high-performance electro-static discharge (ESD) protection devices. It is difficult for the failure level of basic N-type buried layer gate-controlled silicon controlled rectifier (NBL-GCSCR) manufactured by the 0.18 μm standard bipolar- CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process to meet this need. Therefore, we propose an on-chip integrated novel deep N-well gate-controlled SCR (DNW-GCSCR) with a high failure level to effectively solve the problems based on the same semiconductor process. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation is used to analyze the device characteristics. SCRs are tested by transmission line pulses (TLP) to obtain accurate ESD parameters. The holding voltage (24.03 V) of NBL-GCSCR with the longitudinal bipolar junction transistor (BJT) path is significantly higher than the holding voltage (5.15 V) of DNW-GCSCR with the lateral SCR path of the same size. However, the failure current of the NBL-GCSCR device is 1.71 A, and the failure current of the DNW-GCSCR device is 20.99 A. When the gate size of DNW-GCSCR is increased from 2 μm to 6 μm, the holding voltage is increased from 3.50 V to 8.38 V. The optimized DNW-GCSCR (6 μm) can be stably applied on target readout circuits for on-chip electrostatic discharge protection.

Keywords： Electric breakdown     Semiconductor device reliability     CMOS technology    

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Graphene-metasurface for wide-incident-angle terahertz absorption Research

Ri-hui Xiong, Xiao-qing Peng, Jiu-sheng Li,lijsh2008@126.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 3,   Pages 287-436 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000079

Abstract: We demonstrate a structure for tunable wide-incident-angle terahertz wave absorption, which involves depositing planar arrays of on a silicon dioxide substrate. We also discuss how the graphene Fermi-level layer and various substrates affect the absorption characteristics. The absorption of the proposed is above 80% at an incident angle of 0°–60° in frequencies ranging from 0.82 to 2.0 THz. Our results will be very beneficial in the application of terahertz wave communications and biomedical imaging/sensing systems.

Keywords： 石墨烯超表面；太赫兹吸收器；欧米伽形石墨烯图案    

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Compact millimeter-wave air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide crossover employing homogeneous cylindrical lens

耿淳,连继伟,丁大志

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 9,   Pages 1366-1374 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200454

Abstract: 提出一种利用嵌入式均匀柱面透镜设计交叉电桥的新方法。与传统交叉电桥设计相比，该方法在空气填充的基片集成波导交叉腔内引入一个均匀柱面透镜，将入射波导向指定方向。根据射线追踪法，引入的均匀柱面透镜可以在不提高加工复杂度和面积的前提下，有效束缚从输入端传输到输出端的电磁波。详细阐述了该方法的工作机理，并通过电场分布进一步予以验证。利用空气填充基片集成波导技术，研制了工作在毫米波频段的二、三、四通道交叉电桥，验证了所提方法的可行性。同时引入过渡结构，便于实验测量。研究发现二、三、四通道空气填充基片集成波导交叉电桥仿真带宽分别为33%、14%和10%，其核心尺寸分别为0.74,λ,×0.74,λ,、1.43,λ,×1.43,λ,和1.90,λ,×1.90,λ,。最后，为进一步阐述本文方法的优势，将其与公开文献中的类似方法进行了比较。
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Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information Article

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 615-626 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601029

Abstract: Controller area network (CAN) based fieldbus technologies have been widely used in networked manufacturing systems. As the information channel of the system, the reliability of the network is crucial to the system throughput, product quality, and work crew safety. However, due to the inaccessibility of the nodes’ internal states, direct assessment of the reliability of CAN nodes using the nodes’ internal error counters is infeasible. In this paper, a novel CAN node reliability assessment method, which uses node’s time to bus-off as the reliability measure, is proposed. The method estimates the transmit error counter (TEC) of any node in the network based on the network error log and the information provided by the observable nodes whose error counters are accessible. First, a node TEC estimation model is established based on segmented Markov chains. It considers the sparseness of the distribution of the CAN network errors. Second, by learning the differences between the model estimates and the actual values from the observable node, a Bayesian network is developed for the estimation updating mechanism of the observable nodes. Then, this estimation updating mechanism is transferred to general CAN nodes with no TEC value accessibility to update the TEC estimation. Finally, a node reliability assessment method is developed to predict the time to reach bus-off state of the nodes. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Experimental results show that the estimates using the proposed model agree well with actual observations.

Keywords： Controller area network (CAN)     Transmit error counter (TEC)     TEC value estimation     Bayesian network     Bus-off hitting time    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

A mechanical reliability study of 3-dB waveguide hybrid couplers in submillimeter and terahertz bands

Zhongqian Niu, Bo Zhang, Daotong Li, Dongfeng Ji, Yang Liu, Yinian Feng, Tianchi Zhou, Yaohui Zhang, Yong Fan,zhangbouestc@yeah.net

Journal Article

Analysis and design of transformer-based CMOS ultra-wideband millimeter-wave circuits for wireless applications: a review

Yi-ming YU, Kai KANG

Journal Article

Reliability Design and Analysis of Spacecraft Thermal Cont rol/Thermal Management System

Li Yunze ,Ning Xianwen ,Wang Xiaoming ,Shi Xiaobo

Journal Article

High Sensitive Electron-Bombarded CCD for Low Light Level Imaging

Zhou Liwei,Liu Guangrong,Gao Zhiyun,Wang Zhongchun

Journal Article

Empirical study on directional millimeter-wave propagation in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications between road and roadside

Xichen Liu, Lin Yang, Daizhong Yu,362475709@qq.com,eelyang@uestc.edu.cn,15908107465@163.com

Journal Article

Study on Reliability of Low-voltage Circuit Breakers and Residual Current Protective Electrical Apparatus

Lu J ianguo

Journal Article

Bisimulation-based stabilization of probabilisticBoolean control networkswith state feedback control

Nan JIANG, Chi HUANG, Yao CHEN, Jürgen KURTHS

Journal Article

Research on Direction and Location for Danger Prediction of Coal or Rock Dynamic Disaster

Xiao Hohgfei,He Xueqiu,Feng Tao,Wang Enyuan

Journal Article

Study of operation reliability based on diagnosis information for mechanical equipment

He Zhengjia,Cai Gaigai,Shen Zhongjie,Cao Hongrui,Li Bing

Journal Article

Differential coupling contributes to synchronization via a capacitor connection between chaotic circuits

Yu-meng XU, Zhao YAO, Aatef HOBINY, Jun MA

Journal Article

Robust global route planning for an autonomous underwater vehicle in a stochastic environment

Jiaxin ZHANG, Meiqin LIU, Senlin ZHANG, Ronghao ZHENG

Journal Article

Design and optimization of a gate-controlled dual direction electro-static discharge device for an industry-level fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor

Yang WANG, Xiangliang JIN, Jian YANG, Feng YAN, Yujie LIU, Yan PENG, Jun LUO, Jun YANG,jinxl@hunnu.edu.cn,pengyan@shu.edu.cn

Journal Article

Graphene-metasurface for wide-incident-angle terahertz absorption

Ri-hui Xiong, Xiao-qing Peng, Jiu-sheng Li,lijsh2008@126.com

Journal Article

Compact millimeter-wave air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide crossover employing homogeneous cylindrical lens

耿淳,连继伟,丁大志

Journal Article

Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Journal Article