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Status quo and outlook of reconfigurable research
Li Yufeng,Qiu Han,Lan Julong
Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages 82-89
Today, with new services and applications blooming on the internet, to enable traditional routers to offer enough capability and speed of upgrade along with these services and applications in time would become even harder than ever. Run-time reconfiguration (RTR), based on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), is a new promising technology that can configure the partial or total hardware logic resources of a system at run time. Based on the technology, reconfigurable routers can support dynamic reconfiguration of new hardware logic for the new service, while keeping the other services still run properly, hence can provide a new possible solution to the update problem of the traditional routers. After introducing the basic concepts of RTR and the current development of the FPGA, this paper summarizes the past major research efforts with respect to the reconfigurable router, as well as the current work on it. Research directions and open problems are also discussed from the point of view of reconfigurable network.
Keywords： internet reconfigurable router reconfigurable network programmable hardware
Zheng Xing Wang, Hanqing Yang, Ruiwen Shao, Jun Wei Wu, Guobiao Liu, Feng Zhai, Qiang Cheng, Tie Jun Cui
Engineering 2022, Volume 17, Issue 10, Pages 64-74 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.019
Inspired by the design philosophy of information metasurfaces based on the digital coding concept, a planar 4-bit reconfigurable antenna array with low profile of 0.15 λ0 (where λ0 is the wavelength) is presented. The array is based on a digital coding radiation element consisting of a 1-bit magnetoelectric (ME) dipole and a miniaturized reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS). The proposed 1-bit ME dipole can provide two digital states of “0” and “1” (with 0° and 180° phase responses) over a wide frequency band by individually exciting its two symmetrical feeding ports. The designed RTPS is able to realize a relative phase shift of 173°. By digitally quantizing its phase in the range of 157.5°, additional eight digital states at intervals of 22.5° are obtained. To achieve low sidelobe levels, a 1:16 power divider based on the Taylor line source method is employed to feed the array. A prototype of the proposed 4-bit antenna array has been fabricated and tested, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations. Scanning beams within a ±45° range were measured with a maximum realized gain of 13.4 dBi at 12 GHz. The sidelobe and cross-polarization levels are below –14.3 and –23 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the beam pointing error is within 0.8°, and the 3-dB gain bandwidth of the broadside beam is 25%. Due to its outstanding performance, the array holds potential for significant applications in radar and wireless communication systems.
Keywords： 4-Bit reconfigurable antenna array Information metasurface Digital coding method Low sidelobe Low profile
Wide-Angle Scanning Antennas for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications Article
Raj Mittra, Abdelkhalek Nasri, Ravi Kumar Arya
Engineering 2022, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 60-73 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.017
The fifth generation (5G) network communication systems operate in the millimeter waves and are expected to provide a much higher data rate in the multi-gigabit range, which is impossible to achieve using current wireless services, including the sub-6 GHz band. In this work, we briefly review several existing designs of millimeter-wave phased arrays for 5G applications, beginning with the low-profile antenna array designs that either are fixed beam or scan the beam only in one plane. We then move on to array systems that offer two-dimensional (2D) scan capability, which is highly desirable for a majority of 5G applications. Next, in the main body of the paper, we discuss two different strategies for designing scanning arrays, both of which circumvent the use of conventional phase shifters to achieve beam scanning. We note that it is highly desirable to search for alternatives to conventional phase shifters in the millimeter-wave range because legacy phase shifters are both lossy and costly; furthermore, alternatives such as active phase shifters, which include radio frequency amplifiers, are both expensive and power-hungry. Given this backdrop, we propose two different antenna systems with potential for the desired 2D scan performance in the millimeter-wave range. The first of these is a Luneburg lens, which is excited either by a 2D waveguide array or by a microstrip patch antenna array to realize 2D scan capability. Next, for second design, we turn to phased-array designs in which the conventional phase shifter is replaced by switchable PIN diodes or varactor diodes, inserted between radiating slots in a waveguide to provide the desired phase shifts for scanning. Finally, we discuss several approaches to enhance the gain of the array by modifying the conventional array configurations. We describe novel techniques for realizing both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D scans by using a reconfigurable metasurface type of panels.Graphical abstractA number of designs for scanning antennas are presented in this work to realize a one- or two-dimensional scan. The first of these is a Luneburg lens, together with a feed array, designed to realize a wide-angle scan The the second design is based on the use of an electronically reconfigurable phase shifter, which utilizes PIN or varactor diodes inserted between radiating slots in a curved waveguide to provide the desired phase shifts. Next, the paper introduces a novel design to realize both one- and two-dimensional scans, by using reconfigurable metasurface type of panels to provide a wide-angle beam-scanning performance, without compromising either the impedance match or the gain of the array. Additionally, the paper describes several techniques for enhancing the gain of the array to achieve gain levels as high as 30 dB, to render the scanning array competitive with reflectors, for instance.Download : Download high-res image (52KB)Download : Download full-size image
Keywords： Luneburg lens Scanning arrays Millimeter-wave antennas Switchable phase shifters Reconfigurable metasurfaces
Integrated communication and localization in millimeter-wave systems
Jie Yang, Jing Xu, Xiao Li, Shi Jin, Bo Gao,yangjie@seu.edu.cn,shadowaccountxj@foxmail.com,li_xiao@seu.edu.cn,jinshi@seu.edu.cn,gao.bo1@zte.com.cn
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 457-470 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000505
Pattern reconfigurable antenna array for 5.8 GHz WBAN applications
杨凌升,王斌,李雅洁
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 9, Pages 1357-1365 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200542
A Smart Metasurface for Electromagnetic Manipulation Based on Speech Recognition Article
Lin Bai, Yuan Ke Liu, Liang Xu, Zheng Zhang, Qiang Wang, Wei Xiang Jiang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Tie Jun Cui
Engineering 2023, Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages 185-190 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.026
In this work, we propose and realize a smart metasurface for programming electromagnetic (EM) manipulations based on human speech recognition. The smart metasurface platform is composed of a digital coding metasurface, a speech-recognition module, a single-chip computer, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit, and can control EM waves according to pre-stored voice commands in a smart way. The constructed digital metasurface contains 6 × 6 super unit cells, each of which consists of 4 × 4 active elements with embedded varactor diodes. Together with the DAC and single-chip computer, the speech-recognition module can recognize voice commands and generate corresponding voltage sequences to control the metasurface. In addition, a genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted in the design of the metasurface for efficiently optimizing the phase distributions. To verify the performance of the smart metasurface platform, three typical functions are demonstrated: radar cross-section reduction, vortex beam generation, and beam splitting. The proposed strategy may offer a new avenue for controlling EM waves and establishing a link between EM and acoustic communications.
Keywords： Speech recognition Programmable metasurface Genetic algorithm Smart electromagnetic manipulation
Jing Minqing,Li Meng,Liu Heng
Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages 34-38
The "system engine + function component" architecture for the reconfigurable monitoring and diagnostic system is presented. And three types of embedded monitoring units (vibration, power and acoustic emission) are designed for four function parts of machine tool, which can greatly improve the real-time and flexibility of the bottom monitoring information acquisition. This paper has also developed a series of regular monitoring and diagnostic components for computer numerical control (CNC), and some special components for special requirements of these machines. Then the monitoring and diagnostic system for specific machine tools, which has been running in the Qinchuan Grinding Machine Co. Ltd. and Dalian Machine Tool Group Co., can be realized by conveniently packaging and loading of these function components.
Keywords： monitoring and diagnostic system for machine tool reconfigurable system engine function component
An energy-efficient reconfigurable asymmetric modular cryptographic operation unit for RSA and ECC Research Article
Mengni BIE, Wei LI, Tao CHEN, Longmei NAN, Danyang YANG,raspberry0213@126.com,liwei12@fudan.edu.cn
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 1, Pages 134-144 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000325
Keywords： Modular operation unit Reconfigurable High energy efficiency
Study of Conceptual Design of Extension for Mechanical Products
Zhao Yanwei
Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages 67-71
On the foundation summing up existing intelligent conceptual design method, this article puts forward the research content, characters, path, and method of the conceptual design of extension for mechanical products. Around the core technology of intelligent conceptual design this article conducts research on the modelization method of extension design in function-principle-layout-configuration. It includes the function expression, function decomposition and synthesis, function illation and decision. Computers are utilized to simulate the human dialectic thought when resolve problems in this method. The living example shows that the extension method has been applied in the field of conceptual design for mechanical products. This method is of great significance to resolve the bottleneck problem in theoretic studying and engineering realization of intelligent CAD.
Keywords： conceptual design mechanical product intelligent CAD extension
A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array Article
Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo
Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages 100-114 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.03.015
Reconfigurable antennas are becoming a major antenna technology for future wireless communications and sensing systems. It is known that, with a single linear polarization (LP) reconfigurable antenna element, a preferred polarization can be produced from a set of multiple polarization states, thus improving the quality of the communication link. This paper presents a new concept of a polarization programmable reconfigurable antenna array that consists of a number of polarization reconfigurable antenna elements with a finite number of possible polarization states. By employing a new optimization strategy and programming the polarization states of all the array elements, we demonstrate that it is possible to realize any desired LP in the vectorial array radiation pattern with accurate control of sidelobe and crosspolarization levels (XPLs), thereby achieving the desired polarization to perfectly match that of the required communications signal. Both numerical and experimental results are provided to prove the concept, and they agree well with each other.
A Reconfigurable Data Glove for Reconstructing Physical and Virtual Grasps Article
Hangxin Liu,Zeyu Zhang,Ziyuan Jiao,Zhenliang Zhang,Minchen Li,Chenfanfu Jiang,Yixin Zhu,Song-Chun Zhu
Engineering 2024, Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages 203-220 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.009
In this work, we present a reconfigurable data glove design to capture different modes of human hand–object interactions, which are critical in training embodied artificial intelligence (AI) agents for fine manipulation tasks. To achieve various downstream tasks with distinct features, our reconfigurable data glove operates in three modes sharing a unified backbone design that reconstructs hand gestures in real time. In the tactile-sensing mode, the glove system aggregates manipulation force via customized force sensors made from a soft and thin piezoresistive material; this design minimizes interference during complex hand movements. The virtual reality (VR) mode enables real-time interaction in a physically plausible fashion: A caging-based approach is devised to determine stable grasps by detecting collision events. Leveraging a state-of-the-art finite element method, the simulation mode collects data on fine-grained four-dimensional manipulation events comprising hand and object motions in three-dimensional space and how the object's physical properties (e.g., stress and energy) change in accordance with manipulation over time. Notably, the glove system presented here is the first to use high-fidelity simulation to investigate the unobservable physical and causal factors behind manipulation actions. In a series of experiments, we characterize our data glove in terms of individual sensors and the overall system. More specifically, we evaluate the system's three modes by ① recording hand gestures and associated forces, ② improving manipulation fluency in VR, and ③ producing realistic simulation effects of various tool uses, respectively. Based on these three modes, our reconfigurable data glove collects and reconstructs fine-grained human grasp data in both physical and virtual environments, thereby opening up new avenues for the learning of manipulation skills for embodied AI agents.
Keywords： Data glove Tactile sensing Virtual reality Physics-based simulation
A highly efficient reconfigurable rotation unit based on an inverse butterfly network Article
Chao MA, Zi-bin DAI, Wei LI, Hai-juan ZANG
Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages 1784-1794 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601265
Keywords： Rotation operations Self-routing Control-bit generation algorithm Inverse butterfly network
Huang Yaoying,Ding Yuemei,Lv Xiaoman and Xu Bailin
Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 59-63
To the sluice pier concrete，temperature control and crack prevention is a complex and multi- factor problem of system optimization related to temperature control measures and material parameters. This paper tries optimal temperature control measures with the known concrete material thermodynamics parameters，takes minimum values of the relationships between the sluice pier concrete structure’s internal/surface principal tensile stress duration curve and tensile strength growth curve as inputs and the sluice pier superficial heat preservation effect，pouring temperature，pipe cooling temperature and duration time as outputs，establishes the neural network model of the optimal temperature control measures，takes the uniform design principle to have the temperature control parameter combination，adopts the pipe cooling finite element method（FEM）to simulate and analyze the temperature field and creep stress field of the sluice pier concrete structure with cooling pipe，and gets samples to train network to describe the nonlinear relationship between the relationship's minimumvalueof the structure's principal tensile stress duration curve and tensile strength growth curve and different temperature control measures. Inputting the appropriate relationship's minimum value of structure’s the principal tensile stress duration curve and tensile strength growth curve to the trained network，it can automatically select the optimal temperature control measures. The example shows that the neural network model of the optimal temperature control measures is feasible.
Keywords： sluice pier superficial heat preservation water cooling pouring temperature intelligent optimization
Implementation Countermeasures for Information Security Management of Intelligent Connected Vehicles
Zhao Shijia, Xu Ke, Xue Xiaoqing, Qiao Yingjun
Strategic Study of CAE 2019, Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 108-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.006
A new round of technological and industrial changes has accelerated technological integration. Intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) have provided consumers with convenient use, rich application contents, and a safe driving environment. Meanwhile, multiple risks are also brought to information security by intelligentization and networking. In recent years, hacker attacks frequently occur, and information security not only affects driving safety and user data safety, but also threatens national security when being damaged. So, information security issues have attracted great attention from governments all over the world. Major developed countries and regions, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, are taking active actions to safeguard information security. In this context, China should promote the development and management of the information security of the ICVs, take active measures, make rational planning, and make every effort to ensure the information security of ICVs, thus to promote the steady development of the ICVs.
Keywords： intelligent connected vehicles information security automotive industry management
Transactive Demand Response Operation at the Grid Edge using the IEEE 2030.5 Standard Article
Javad Fattahi, Mikhak Samadi, Melike Erol-Kantarci, Henry Schriemer
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 7, Pages 801-811 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.005
This paper presents a transactive demand response (TDR) scheme for a network of residential customers with generation assets that emphasizes interoperability within a transactive energy architecture. A complete laboratory-based implementation provides the first (to our knowledge) realization of a comprehensive TDR use case that is fully compliant with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2030.5 standard, which addresses interoperability within a cybersecure smart energy profile (SEP) context. Verification is provided by a full system integration with commercial hardware using IP-based (local area network (LAN) and Wi-Fi) communication protocols and transport layer security (TLS) 1.2 cryptographic protocol, and validation is provided by emulation using extensive residential smart meter data. The demand response (DR) scheme is designed to accommodate privacy concerns, allows customers to select their DR compliance level, and provides incentives to maximize their participation. The proposed TDR scheme addresses privacy through the implementation of the SEP 2.0 messaging protocol between a transactive agent (TA) and home energy management system (HEMS) agents. Customer response is handled by a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) fuzzy controller that manages negotiation between the customer agent and the TA. We take a multi-agent system approach to neighborhood coordination, with the TA servicing multiple residences on a common transformer, and use a reward mechanism to maximize customer engagement during the event-based optimization. Based on a set of smart meter data acquired over an extended time period, we engage in multiple TDR scenarios, and demonstrate with a fully-functional IEEE 2030.5-compliant implementation that our scheme can reduce network peak power consumption by 22% under realistic conditions.
Keywords： Transactive demand response IEEE 2030.5 Smart grid Multi-agent system Neighborhood coordination
Title Author Date Type Operation
A Planar 4-Bit Reconfigurable Antenna Array Based on the Design Philosophy of Information Metasurfaces
Zheng Xing Wang, Hanqing Yang, Ruiwen Shao, Jun Wei Wu, Guobiao Liu, Feng Zhai, Qiang Cheng, Tie Jun Cui
Journal Article
Wide-Angle Scanning Antennas for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications
Raj Mittra, Abdelkhalek Nasri, Ravi Kumar Arya
Journal Article
Integrated communication and localization in millimeter-wave systems
Jie Yang, Jing Xu, Xiao Li, Shi Jin, Bo Gao,yangjie@seu.edu.cn,shadowaccountxj@foxmail.com,li_xiao@seu.edu.cn,jinshi@seu.edu.cn,gao.bo1@zte.com.cn
Journal Article
A Smart Metasurface for Electromagnetic Manipulation Based on Speech Recognition
Lin Bai, Yuan Ke Liu, Liang Xu, Zheng Zhang, Qiang Wang, Wei Xiang Jiang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Tie Jun Cui
Journal Article
Development and application of reconfigurable monitoring and diagnostic system oriented to machine tool
Jing Minqing,Li Meng,Liu Heng
Journal Article
An energy-efficient reconfigurable asymmetric modular cryptographic operation unit for RSA and ECC
Mengni BIE, Wei LI, Tao CHEN, Longmei NAN, Danyang YANG,raspberry0213@126.com,liwei12@fudan.edu.cn
Journal Article
A Polarization Programmable Antenna Array
Dingzhao Chen, Yanhui Liu, Ming Li, Pan Guo, Zhuo Zeng, Jun Hu, Y. Jay Guo
Journal Article
A Reconfigurable Data Glove for Reconstructing Physical and Virtual Grasps
Hangxin Liu,Zeyu Zhang,Ziyuan Jiao,Zhenliang Zhang,Minchen Li,Chenfanfu Jiang,Yixin Zhu,Song-Chun Zhu
Journal Article
A highly efficient reconfigurable rotation unit based on an inverse butterfly network
Chao MA, Zi-bin DAI, Wei LI, Hai-juan ZANG
Journal Article
Intelligent optimization of temperature control and crack prevention measures for sluice pier concrete structure
Huang Yaoying,Ding Yuemei,Lv Xiaoman and Xu Bailin
Journal Article
Implementation Countermeasures for Information Security Management of Intelligent Connected Vehicles
Zhao Shijia, Xu Ke, Xue Xiaoqing, Qiao Yingjun
Journal Article
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