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Power system design for constant current subsea observatories Regular Article

Yan-hu Chen, Sa Xiao, De-jun Li,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn,sxiao@zju.edu.cn,li_dejun@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 11,   Pages 1505-1515 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800362

Abstract: Constant current power transmission is considered a good choice for subsea observatories due to its high resistance to shunt faults. A constant current subsea is planned to be constructed in the East China Sea. We discuss a constant current subsea system used for scientific experiments. The power system and its system are carefully designed. The power conversion method is challenging due to the use of constant current power, which is considerably different from traditional power systems. Thus, we adopt power compensation circuits in the conversion system to obtain a constant 48-V output for science users. A power management system that performs overvoltage protection and real-time monitoring and control of junction box is discussed. An innovative structure of a junction box is designed in consideration of a sealed working environment to extend the useful life of the junction box. Simulations and experiments reveal that the system has high efficiency and stability, especially in long-term applications.

Keywords： 海底观测网；电能变换；散热    

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Development of Marine Equipment for Underwater Stereoscopic Observation

Ma Rui, Zhao Xiutao, Liu Cungen

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 19-25 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.003

Abstract:

Establishing an underwater stereoscopic observation network to obtain scientific, real-time, and comprehensive data is an important direction for understanding and exploiting the ocean in the future. This study first analyzes the need and necessity of developing the underwater stereoscopic observation equipment, then introduces the development status of the equipment in China and abroad, further analyzes the problems faced by China’s field development, and presents the key breakthrough points of marine sensors which serve as the key link for underwater observation. China has made great progress in technologies regarding marine observation platforms, but it still lags behind the world advanced level in key marine sensors and high-precision sensors. The big data obtained from ocean observation does not match the actual demand, and the ocean sensors lack the support from an improved platform. To guide the long-term development of related fields, we suggest that China should support the efficient transformation of research results of key marine sensors, coordinate the management of the marine equipment for underwater stereoscopic observation, and establish a national public test platform for offshore instruments and equipment.

Keywords： ocean observation     sea floor observatory network     underwater vehicle     underwater sensor    

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Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories None

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 11,   Pages 1328-1339 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601843

Abstract:

Cabled seafloor observatories play an important role in ocean exploration for its long-term, real-time, and in-situ observation characteristics. In establishing a permanent, reliable, and robust seafloor observatory, a highly reliable cable switching and fault isolation method is essential. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of existing switching methods, we propose a novel active switching method for network configuration. Without additional communication path requirements, the switching method provides a way to communicate with a shore station through an existing power transmission path. A coded voltage signal with a distinct sequence is employed as the communication medium to transmit commands. The analysis of the maximum bit frequency of the voltage signals guarantees the accuracy of command recognition. A prototype based on the switching method is built and tested in a laboratory environment, which validated the functionality and reliability of the method.

Keywords： Cabled seafloor observatories     Cable switching and fault isolation     Coded voltage signal     Maximum bit frequency    

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A stepless-power-reconfigurable converter for a constant current underwater observatory Research Article

Yujia Zang, Yanhu Chen, Canjun Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 12,   Pages 1551-1684 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100259

Abstract: The conversion from constant current (CC) to constant voltage (CV) is one of the key technologies of CC systems. A with high stability and high reliability is usually used. Applications, however, are limited by high heat dissipation and low efficiency. In this paper, with an improved shunt regulation method, a novel concept of stepless power reconfiguration (SPR) for the CC/CV module is proposed. In cases with stable or slowly changing load, two modes of CC/CV conversion are proposed to reduce unnecessary power loss of the while being able to retain any operator-preset power margin in the system: (1) the manual SPR (MSPR) method based on single-loop control method; (2) the automatic SPR (ASPR) method based on inner-outer loop control method. The efficiency of the system is analyzed. How to select some key parameters of the system is discussed. Experimental results show that MSPR and ASPR are both effective and practical methods to reduce heat dissipation and improve the efficiency of the CC/CV module, while the high stability of the remains.

Keywords： 恒流/恒压转换；并联稳压器；无级功率重构；水下观测网    

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Research Progress of Marine Scientific Equipment and Development Recommendations in China

Song Xiancang, Du Junfeng, Wang Shuqing, Li Huajun

Strategic Study of CAE 2020, Volume 22, Issue 6,   Pages 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.010

Abstract:

Marine scientific equipment is an essential tool for better understanding oceans, and it is also the foundation for exploiting and protecting oceans. This study analyzes the urgent requirements for developing highly efficient marine scientific equipment in China from four aspects, including understanding oceans, exploring oceans, protecting oceans, and maintaining ocean rights and interests. In addition, it provides reviews on the state-of-the-art techniques associated with the marine scientific observation platforms, namely air–sea interface observation platform, mobile underwater observation platform, and seafloor observation network system, in the countries that are believed to lead the field, and the development trends associated therewith are then identified. The remarkable achievements obtained in marine scientific equipment in China are presented such as the marine remote-sensing satellites, marine research ships, deep-diving submersibles, and seafloor observation networks. By comparing to the international advanced level, the issues China encountered in the general technologies, core equipment, and integrated system of marine scientific equipment are given. Several key development suggestions associated with the marine scientific equipment development in China are provided in terms of basic theories and key technologies, novel equipment development and achievement conversion, sharing mechanism and service platform, as well as international cooperation and standard system establishment, enabling the marine scientific equipment to better serve the implementation of the national marine power strategy.

Keywords： marine scientific equipment     deep-sea observation platform     air–sea interface observation     mobile underwater observation     seafloor observation network     equipment development    

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Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line Research Article

Yan-hu Chen, Yu-jia Zang, Jia-jie Yao, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 10,   Pages 1331-1343 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900125

Abstract: s with tree or ring topologies play an important role in real-time ocean exploration. Due to the time-consuming need for field maintenance, technology that can actively switch the power on/off on certain branches of the network becomes essential for enhancing the reliability and availability of the network. In this paper, a novel switching-control method is proposed, in which we invert the power transmission polarity and use the current on the power line as the digital signal at low frequency to broadcast information with the address and commands to the network, and the corresponding (BU) can decode and execute the switching commands. The cable’s parasitic parameters, the network scale, and the number of BUs, as the influencing factors of the on the power line, are theoretically studied and simulated. An optimized frequency that balances the executing accuracy and rate is calculated and proved on a simulated prototype. The results showed that the technology with optimized frequency can enhance the switching accuracy and configuring rate.

Keywords： 海缆开断；海洋观测网；分支单元；传输线理论；通信频率    

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Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information Article

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 5,   Pages 615-626 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601029

Abstract: Controller area network (CAN) based fieldbus technologies have been widely used in networked manufacturing systems. As the information channel of the system, the reliability of the network is crucial to the system throughput, product quality, and work crew safety. However, due to the inaccessibility of the nodes’ internal states, direct assessment of the reliability of CAN nodes using the nodes’ internal error counters is infeasible. In this paper, a novel CAN node reliability assessment method, which uses node’s time to bus-off as the reliability measure, is proposed. The method estimates the transmit error counter (TEC) of any node in the network based on the network error log and the information provided by the observable nodes whose error counters are accessible. First, a node TEC estimation model is established based on segmented Markov chains. It considers the sparseness of the distribution of the CAN network errors. Second, by learning the differences between the model estimates and the actual values from the observable node, a Bayesian network is developed for the estimation updating mechanism of the observable nodes. Then, this estimation updating mechanism is transferred to general CAN nodes with no TEC value accessibility to update the TEC estimation. Finally, a node reliability assessment method is developed to predict the time to reach bus-off state of the nodes. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Experimental results show that the estimates using the proposed model agree well with actual observations.

Keywords： Controller area network (CAN)     Transmit error counter (TEC)     TEC value estimation     Bayesian network     Bus-off hitting time    

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Progress and Prospect of Seafloor Instability Research

Gao Weijian, Li Wei

Strategic Study of CAE 2023, Volume 25, Issue 3,   Pages 109-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.010

Abstract:

Seafloor instability and secondary submarine geohazards are widely present in the ocean, posing a threat to submarine infrastructures such as coastal port facilities, offshore drilling platforms, and submarine pipelines and fiber-optic cables. However, formation mechanisms and controlling factors of seafloor instability are still poorly understood. To improve the understanding, based on the history and development of seafloor instability, this study sorts out the common categories, global distribution, and geophysical characteristics, analyzes the formation mechanisms, controlling factors, and engineering geohazards risks, and summarizes popular quantitative analysis methods for seafloor instability. Subsequently, the application and limitations of experimental simulation technology for the slope instability process are discussed. Focused on the disaster mechanism, intelligent analysis of multi-source data, and three-dimensional monitoring of seabed instability, this study proposed the development direction and countermeasures of future seafloor instability research, aiming to provide guiding suggestions for the simulation, prediction, and warning of seafloor instability.

Keywords： seafloor instability     submarine geohazards     formation mechanisms     risk assessment     instability analysis    

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Preliminary conclusions of construction technology in Xiamen Xiang’an subsea tunnel

Qu Shouxin

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 7,   Pages 24-29

Abstract:

A comparison of the bridge programs and the tunnel programs for the project of across the sea in Chinese Xiamen Xiang'an was given in this paper. And there is a preliminary and brief conclusion for the construction of the Chinese first subsea tunnel, which contains the characteristics and difficulties and disadvantages of the construction.

Keywords： Xiamen Xiang’an subsea tunnel     construction technology     preliminary conclusions of experience    

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Study on water pressure characteristics of Xiamen Xiang’an Subsea Tunnel

Cheng Zhengming

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 11,   Pages 29-35

Abstract:

The reasonable water pressure upon lining determination is the key to structure design of subsea tunnel. The analytic method calculation formula of outside pressure upon lining of circular subsea tunnel was derived with complex function and groundwater dynamic theory. It was verified that the calculation formula is high precision and extensive applicability by lots of contrast. Results of model tests showed that under the condition of fully closed, the pressure on lining could not be reduced; the water pressure would significantly reduce if the water of the tunnel was drained, and it would be presented linear decreasing with the increase of the water discharge. Lining external water pressure formula under limited drainage was established, and it was also verified by field tests. The research results were applied in the first subsea tunnel in China, Xiang'an Subsea Tunnel, which is built in Xiamen. And it provided key technique parameter to determination of support structure design and programme of blocking water by grouting, following the principle plugging dominantly and limited drainage. The field application obtained good results. Research results would have certain reference significance to the following subsea tunnel.

Keywords： subsea tunnel     lining     water pressure     model test     limited drainage     reduction    

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Study on waterproof and drainage technology of drilling and blast subsea tunnel

Wang Xiuying,Tan Zhongsheng,Wang Mengshu

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 7,   Pages 71-75

Abstract:

The waterproof and drainage principle for subsea tunnel is clarified. Based on Xiamen subsea tunnel, the suitable discharge is discussed. Different waterproof and drainage schemes for various grounds are put up, and the main problems that must be paid attention to and questions that must be studied further during subsea tunnel design and construction are put forward. The design method of waterproof and drainage system for subsea tunnel is a reference for other subsea tunnels.

Keywords： subsea tunnel     waterproof and drainage of structure     discharge     design    

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The Chinese polar atmospheric sciences observation engineering system

Lu LongHua,Bian Lingen

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 9,   Pages 72-84

Abstract:

The polar regions are located in the north and south ends on the earth, which are the key areas of global change research. To understand global change, especially the global climate change, it is needed to research on polar atmosphere. Chinese Arctic and Antarctic of scientific investigation started in 80s and 90s of last century. As a national action, by the end of 2011, 28 times Antarctic expeditions and 8 times Antarctic inland expeditions, and 4 time Arctic expeditions were organized. 3 Antarctic bases (Great Wall, Zhongshan and Kunlun) and 1 Arctic base (Yellow River) and 6 automatic weather stations were established. Formed by the manual weather station, automatic weather station and weather observation on the “Xuelong” icebreaker vessel as the main platform of the polar expedition of hardware support system. Chinese polar atmospheric science observation system is gradually formed including the meteorological operational observation and short term investigation study. Chinese polar meteorological expedition and research work has made great progress by the efforts near 30 years.

Keywords： Antarctic     Arctic     atmospheric sciences     observation engineering    

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A Survey of the Observability for Single Observer Passive Location

Deng Xinpu

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 11,   Pages 54-62

Abstract:

A basic requirement for passive state estimation using single observer is the existence of a unique tracking solution.  This leads to the question of observability. The target state is observable over the time interval if,  and only if,  it is uniquely determined by the measurements taken in that interval.  In this paper,  the state-observability problem for passive target tracking by angle measurements is analyzed using three methods: the geometrical method,  the elementary algebraic method and linear system method.  The observability for target tracking with frequency measurements is also analyzed.  Degree of observability is discussed.  And a concise review of papers on observability analysis is presented.

Keywords： passive location     TMA     observability    

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AUV Path Planning in 3D Seabed Environment Using Genetic Algorithm

Hao Yanling,Zhang Jingjuan

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 11,   Pages 56-60

Abstract:

The path-planning algorithm of AUV in 3D seabed environment is studied. For 3D environment, the optimal paths are classified into three different types. The optimal paths of each type are obtained flexibly by using genetic algorithm, especially the incorporating of problem-specific knowledge and penalty function. Simulation results show the feasibility and reliability of the path-planning algorithm, which has considerable value on the safe navigation of AUV in seabed environment.

Keywords： 3D path planning     genetic algorithm     seabed terrain     underwater vehicle    

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Information construction of the subsea tunnel in a fault and crush zone

Yang Huijun,Wang Mengshu,Zhuo Yue,Luo Song

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 10,   Pages 57-64

Abstract:

The construction of the excavation and support of the subsea tunnel is very difficult, and safety risk is also very high. Relying on the construction of a fault and crush zone of the second subsea tunnel inland, using the method of geologic survey, TSP, flank holes, and analyzing the data, predicting basis geology condition within 45 meters ahead of working face. Combining long term geology prediction with short term geology prediction, comprehensive pre geology prediction is reported. According to its geological property, adopting full sectional grouting upper section in the fault and crush zone in order to strengthen stratum, bench excavation method, and strong support. At the same time, monitoring and measuring convergence, subsidence of crown, and pressure of surrounding rock, by processing of data, and to the construction, is called the information construction of the subsea tunnel in a fault and crush zone. The method is applied to the construction, produces a satisfactory effect.

Keywords： a fault and crush zone of subsea tunnel     comprehensive pre geology prediction     full sectional grouting     information construction    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Power system design for constant current subsea observatories

Yan-hu Chen, Sa Xiao, De-jun Li,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn,sxiao@zju.edu.cn,li_dejun@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Development of Marine Equipment for Underwater Stereoscopic Observation

Ma Rui, Zhao Xiutao, Liu Cungen

Journal Article

Use of a coded voltage signal for cable switching and fault isolation in cabled seafloor observatories

Zhi-feng ZHANG, Yan-hu CHEN, De-jun LI, Bo JIN, Can-jun YANG, Jun WANG

Journal Article

A stepless-power-reconfigurable converter for a constant current underwater observatory

Yujia Zang, Yanhu Chen, Canjun Yang, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyong Duan, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Research Progress of Marine Scientific Equipment and Development Recommendations in China

Song Xiancang, Du Junfeng, Wang Shuqing, Li Huajun

Journal Article

Optimal communication frequency for switching cabled ocean networks with commands carried over the power line

Yan-hu Chen, Yu-jia Zang, Jia-jie Yao, Gul Muhammad,yanhuchen@zju.edu.cn

Journal Article

Controller area network node reliability assessment based on observable node information

Lei-ming ZHANG, Long-hao TANG, Yong LEI

Journal Article

Progress and Prospect of Seafloor Instability Research

Gao Weijian, Li Wei

Journal Article

Preliminary conclusions of construction technology in Xiamen Xiang’an subsea tunnel

Qu Shouxin

Journal Article

Study on water pressure characteristics of Xiamen Xiang’an Subsea Tunnel

Cheng Zhengming

Journal Article

Study on waterproof and drainage technology of drilling and blast subsea tunnel

Wang Xiuying,Tan Zhongsheng,Wang Mengshu

Journal Article

The Chinese polar atmospheric sciences observation engineering system

Lu LongHua,Bian Lingen

Journal Article

A Survey of the Observability for Single Observer Passive Location

Deng Xinpu

Journal Article

AUV Path Planning in 3D Seabed Environment Using Genetic Algorithm

Hao Yanling,Zhang Jingjuan

Journal Article

Information construction of the subsea tunnel in a fault and crush zone

Yang Huijun,Wang Mengshu,Zhuo Yue,Luo Song

Journal Article