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厌氧消化，生物固体，污染，甲基苯丙胺，吸附 1

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 366-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022447

摘要：

● There is huge potential for improvement of nitrogen management in Australia.

关键词： Australian agroecosystems reactive nitrogen sustainable development

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Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems: an overview

Jizheng HE, Zhenzhen YAN, Qinglin CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 329-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020333

摘要：

The use of antibiotics in human medicine and animal husbandry has resulted in the continuous release of antibiotics into the environment, which imposes high selection pressure on bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. The spread and aggregation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant pathogens is one of the most intractable clinical challenges. Numerous studies have been conducted to profile the patterns of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems, as this is closely related to human health and wellbeing. This paper provides an overview of the transmission of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems resulting from the application of animal manures and other organic amendments. The future need to control and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in agricultural ecosystems is also discussed, particularly from a holistic perspective, and requires multiple sector efforts to translate fundamental knowledge into effective strategies.

关键词： agroecosystem antibiotic resistance public health soil-plant system

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INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 373-386 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021398

摘要：

Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production. Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture. Here, we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity. In addition to well-known yield increases, intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases, pests and other unfavorable factors (e.g. nutrient deficiencies). The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs, reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture, thus mitigating global climate change. Intercropping potentially increases above- and below-ground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale, consequently it enhances ecosystem services. Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning. The development of mechanization is essential for large-scale application of intercropping. Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.

关键词： agroecosystems ， crop diversity ，intercropping，interspecific interactions，sustainable agriculture

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CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES UNDER DIFFERENT AGROECOSYSTEMS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH ARTICLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2024年第11卷第2期页码 303-313 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023502

摘要：

Awareness of how soil properties vary over agroecosystems (AES) is essential for understanding soil potentials and improving site-specific agricultural management strategies for a sustainable ecosystem. This study examined the characteristics of soil quality attributes and implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia. Forty-seven composite soil samples (0–20 cm deep) were collected from lowland and valley fragmented (AES 1), midland plain with black soil (AES 2), midland plain with brown soil (AES 3), sloppy midland land (AES 4), and hilly and mountainous highlands (AES 5). Ten of 15 soil quality properties were significant (P < 0.05 or 0.01), including silt, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorous (P) across the five AES. However, all properties were variable with coefficients of variation from 7% (total porosity) to 169% (available P) across the AES. Although AES 2 and 3 are affected by waterlogging and acidity, these two have better prospects for agriculture, but AES 1, 4, and 5 are unsuitable for agriculture because of soil erosion. Therefore, appropriate and applicable soil management strategies, particularly lime application and organic fertilizer, are fundamental to reversing soil acidity and improving soil fertility.

关键词： agroecosystem Choke Mountain watershed coefficients of variation Ethiopia soil quality indicator

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STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 599-602 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021409

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Significance of using isolated footing technique for residential construction on expansive soils

Harry FAR,Deacon FLINT

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 123-129 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0372-8

摘要： Expansive soils cause problems with the founding of lightly loaded structures in many parts of the world. Foundation design for expansive soils is one of the most discussed and problematic issues in Australia as expansive soils were responsible for billions of dollars’ worth of damage to man-made structures such as buildings and roads. Several studies and reports indicate that one of the most common and least recognized problems causing severe structural damage to houses lies in expansive soils. In this study, a critical review has been carried out on the current Australian standards for building on expansive soils and they are compared with some techniques that are not included in the current Australian standards for residential slabs and footings. Based on the results of this review, the most effective and economical method has been proposed for construction of footings on all site classifications without restriction to 75mm of characteristic movement. In addition, it has become apparent that as design procedures for footings resting on sites with extreme characteristic movements are not included in the current Australian standards, there is a strong need for well-developed and simplified standard design procedures for characteristic soil movement of greater than 75mm to be included into the Australian Standards.

关键词： expansive soils residential slabs isolated footings Australian Standards

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OPPORTUNITIES AND APPROACHES FOR MANIPULATING SOIL-PLANT MICROBIOMES FOR EFFECTIVE CROP NITROGEN USE IN AGROECOSYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 333-343 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022450

摘要：

● Matching nitrification inhibitors with soil properties and nitrifiers is vital to achieve a higher NUE.

关键词： nitrogen microbiome NUE rhizosphere phyllosphere soil food web

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SEQUESTERING ORGANIC CARBON IN SOILS THROUGH LAND USE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 210-225 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022474

摘要：

● Either increasing C input to or reducing C release from soils can enhance soil C sequestration.

关键词： agroecosystems climate change negative emissions technology net zero

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了解澳大利亚污水处理厂污泥和生物固体中某些滥用药物的清除和去向 Article

Meena K. Yadav, Cobus Gerber, Christopher P. Saint, Ben Van den Akker, Michael D. Short

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 872-879 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.012

摘要：

非法药物和医用药物正逐渐成为研究者关心的新兴污染物，现在已有大量研究工作评估了它们在废水中的存在情况。然而，关于这些药物在处理后的污泥或生物固体中存在情况的信息却很少。在本项研究中，我们检测了取自澳大利亚一个大型城市废水处理厂（wastewater treatment plant, WWTP）的污泥和生物固体，以此确定5种滥用药物的存在情况，其中包括作为可卡因消耗量指示剂的苯甲酰爱康宁、作为代表性非法兴奋剂的甲基苯丙胺和3,4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine, MDMA），以及具有潜在环境风险的药品可待因和吗啡。通过固相萃取并由液相色谱串联质谱法（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS）对样品进行分析。苯甲酰爱康宁和MDMA存在于原污泥中，但在固体处理过程中明显降解，且在脱水污泥（处理后）或生物固体中未检出。在所有生物固体样品中均检测到甲基苯丙胺、可待因和吗啡，平均浓度为20~50 μg·kg^–1。这三种药物在生物固体中的存在表明这些化合物在固体和土壤中相对稳定，并至少可在生物固体中存在几年的时间。基于这些化合物的估计风险商（risk quotient, RQ）进行的简单环境风险评估表明，在标准的澳大利亚生物固体施用量下，与生物固体土地施用相关的潜在环境风险非常低。

关键词：厌氧消化，生物固体，污染，甲基苯丙胺，吸附

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