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End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector
Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE
《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期 页码 322-334 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0329-3
关键词: end-use energy exergy efficiency residential sector Nigeria
null
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 357-365 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019275
Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and for efficient crop production, but global P use with limited recycling is inefficient in several sectors, including agronomy. Unfortunately, plant physiologists, agronomists, farmers and end users employ different measures for P use efficiency (PUE), which often masks their values at different scales. The term P use effectiveness, which also considers energetic and sustainability measures in addition to P balances, is also a valuable concept. Major physiological and genetic factors for plant P uptake and utilization have been identified, but there has been limited success in genetically improving PUE of modern crop cultivars. In maize, studies on root architectural and morphological traits appear promising. Rhizosphere processes assist in mobilizing and capturing sparingly soluble phosphate from rock phosphate. Combinations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms with ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizer, as well as strategies of fertilizer placement near the roots of target crops, can moderately enhance PUE. The desired concentration of P in the products differs, depending on the final use of the crop products as feed, food or for energy conversion, which should be considered during crop production.
关键词: acquisition efficiency plant growth promoting rhizobacteria phosphate use efficiency utilization efficiency
GUAN Jian, WANG Qinhui, LI Xiaomin, LUO Zhongyang, CEN Kefa
《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第1期 页码 113-119 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0013-y
关键词: influence efficiency calculation optimum software FactSage transport
Lei Zheng, Xingbao Gao, Wei Wang, Zifu Li, Lingling Zhang, Shikun Cheng
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1184-6
关键词: MSWI fly ash Cementing efficiency Health risk assessment of heavy metal Sand replacement Cement replacement
WU Yuehui,WANG Guoliang,WANG Zhen,LIU Yi,GU Ping,SUN Dezhi
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第3期 页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0614-0
关键词: polyvinyl chloride waste utilization incineration process vacuum pyrolysis process life cycle assessment
Strategies for improving fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency in Chinese cropping systems
Gu FENG, Jingping GAI, Xionghan FENG, Haigang LI, Lin ZHANG, Keke YI, Jialong LV, Yiyong ZHU, Li TANG, Yilin LI
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 341-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019280
A four-year project, entitled “The mechanisms of fraction transformation and high use efficiency of P fertilizer in Chinese cropping systems” commenced in 2017. The project was established to answer three key questions and looked at 17 cropping systems on ten soils. First, we asked what are the dynamics of transformation, fixation and mobilization of P fertilizers in soil-cropping systems? Second, what are the mechanisms of soil-crop-microbe interactions by which P fertilizer can be efficiently used? Third, how to manipulate the processes of P use in cropping systems? The targets of this project are (1) to explore the mechanisms of P fixation, the pathways of loss of P availability and the threshold of migration of fertilizer P in the field; (2) to uncover mechanisms by which soil legacy P is mobilized through root physiological and morphological processes and through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and P-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere and hyphosphere; (3) to estimate the biological potential of crops for high efficiency P absorption and use; (4) to innovate new approaches for improving the efficiency of P fertilizers. The outcomes will provide theoretical support for setting standards for limitation of P fertilizer application rate in the main cropping zones of China.
关键词: fixation mobilization phosphorus fertilizer rhizosphere transformations utilization
Recycling of heat discharged from bearing quenching
WEN Xin-lin, CI Tie-jun, ZHANG Rong-ying, WEN Peng
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2006年 第1卷 第4期 页码 472-474 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0062-7
安 迪,王亭杰,金 涌
《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第5期 页码 120-125
我国化肥利用率低,面源污染严重,同时农业耗水量大,水资源短缺问题突出。本文提出一种以水肥一体化滴灌技术为核心的高效设施农业发展方式。通过滴灌技术可以实现养分和水对作物的定量供应,提高化肥利用率并提高灌溉用水效率和作物产量;将过滤后的沼肥沼液与滴灌相结合,可将畜禽粪便和农作物秸秆变废为宝,改善农村生态环境;工业上排放的CO2经过无害化处理后,可通入附近的温室大棚,为作物提供碳源;应用和推广水肥一体化滴灌技术,能够拉动聚氯乙烯(PVC)的需求,消化部分PVC的过剩产能,进而拉动氯碱行业。通过滴灌设备租赁、废旧设备回收环节,完善整个产业链条,统筹协调工业农业平衡发展。
关键词: 化肥;节水;利用率;滴灌;PVC
Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas
Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期 页码 181-189 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1
关键词: yellow phosphorous off gas purification comprehensive utilization
Methodologies for chemical utilization of CO
Liangnian HE, Ya Du, Chengxia MIAO, Jinquan WANG, Xiaoyong DOU, Ying WU
《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第2期 页码 224-228 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0067-y
关键词: carbon dioxide chemical utilization molecular catalyst carbonate oxazolidinone
La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期 页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149
关键词: field management irrigation efficiency water footprint water productivity water use efficiency
CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431
China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.
To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.
Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.
Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).
With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).
We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.
China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook
《能源前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z
关键词: carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) policy content analysis China
万齐林,何金海
《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第10期 页码 33-42
在分析南海海洋气象观测现状和发展规划的基础上,发现有必要发展合适的资料同化技术,提高资料利用效率,才能克服海洋气象资料相对缺乏来提升数值预报水平。利用多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术,进行热带气旋资料同化试验。结果表明:多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术能够适应具有多尺度特征的热带气旋资料同化,较好地满足热带气旋资料同化对流依赖背景误差协方差同化技术的要求,能够较合理高效地利用海洋气象观测资料。基于多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术,加强海洋气象观测系统的应用,是形成高质量热带气旋初值环流的一种有效途径。
关键词: 海洋气象观测 资料利用效率 多尺度/分块逐批资料同化 热带气旋初值环流
Recent development of vibration utilization engineering
WEN Bangchun
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第1期 页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0017-2
关键词: utilization engineering non-linear vibration vibration utillization utillization engineering
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector
Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE
期刊论文
Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of global phosphorus use: focus on root and rhizosphere levels
null
期刊论文
Optimization and performance prediction of a new near-zero emission coal utilization system with combined
GUAN Jian, WANG Qinhui, LI Xiaomin, LUO Zhongyang, CEN Kefa
期刊论文
Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and
Lei Zheng, Xingbao Gao, Wei Wang, Zifu Li, Lingling Zhang, Shikun Cheng
期刊论文
Comparative study on the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride
WU Yuehui,WANG Guoliang,WANG Zhen,LIU Yi,GU Ping,SUN Dezhi
期刊论文
Strategies for improving fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency in Chinese cropping systems
Gu FENG, Jingping GAI, Xionghan FENG, Haigang LI, Lin ZHANG, Keke YI, Jialong LV, Yiyong ZHU, Li TANG, Yilin LI
期刊论文
Recycling of heat discharged from bearing quenching
WEN Xin-lin, CI Tie-jun, ZHANG Rong-ying, WEN Peng
期刊论文
Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas
Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG
期刊论文
Methodologies for chemical utilization of CO
Liangnian HE, Ya Du, Chengxia MIAO, Jinquan WANG, Xiaoyong DOU, Ying WU
期刊论文
The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency
La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA
期刊论文
China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook
期刊论文