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翁宇庆
《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第3期 页码 48-53
叙述了以细化钢铁结构材料的晶粒尺寸为核心,将现有钢材强度和寿命翻番的基本进展;在保持塑性提高和价格下降的同时,碳素结构钢板带材屈服强度从235 MPa已提高到420~470 MPa,塑性由最大26%提高到29%~34%;建筑螺纹钢由一级提高到三级,碳—锰钢由二级提高到四级,且抗地震性能好;高强抗延迟断裂螺栓钢,已达到世界最高的13.9级。
Leveraging individual-level data to advance air pollution health risk management
Jianxun YANG, Wenjing WU, Miaomiao LIU, Jun BI
《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 337-342 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0189-1
Environmental health risk management is a systematic engineering task, engaging multiple disciplines from the academic and government sectors. Reducing environmental health risks has become one of the key targets in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This target has been translated into public policies at many jurisdictional levels (Yue et al., 2020). To design region-specific and targeted policy initiatives, understanding how environmental health risks are spatially distributed and temporally resolved is fundamental.
Along with the advances in high-resolution pollution mapping and projection, environmental risk assessment and management have been performed at a highly granular scale (Caplin et al., 2019). For instance, taking advantage of the fine air pollution dataset, recent research efforts have evaluated the health burdens of historical air pollution exposure or cost-benefits of pollution control policies at finer-scale administrative units and grids (Liu et al., 2017; Ou et al., 2020). These assessments reveal expensive health costs of air pollution exposure and highlight that the health outcomes of air pollution are unevenly distributed across regions and more evident among vulnerable populations (Colmer et al., 2020).
Even though detailed geospatial mappings of air pollution capture local patterns, they do not necessarily represent individual-level unique exposure experiences and health outcomes. Personal exposure to air pollution can be influenced by a range of behavioral factors such as mobility patterns and self-protective actions (Tainio et al., 2021). Individual cofactors such as risk perceptions of air pollutants, baseline health conditions, and socio–economic status also influence the pollution-related health impacts (Piel et al., 2020). Dramatic variations in health risks, therefore, occur even within small spatial units such as blocks and neighborhoods. Thus, individual-level exposure and health assessment are critical in advancing the engineering management of air pollution at granular spatiotemporal scales and informing targeted local policies for reducing pollution-related health risks.
To perform air pollution health risk assessment and management at the individual level, first, gathering datasets relevant to personal exposure experiences and health outcomes is important. For example, portable sensor technology is widely applied, in which participants carry the sensors to measure their real-time locations and micro-environmental exposure (Su et al., 2017). These monitors can illustrate individual time–activity patterns and assess personal-specific pollution exposure during outdoor activities such as daily commuting and exercises (Dons et al., 2017). These activities finally form direct flows of datasets on human behaviors and are made available to researchers for more nuanced characterizations of environmental risk.
In this comment, we summarize different types of individual-level data and outline pathways through which the data may advance air pollution health risks assessment. We then review representative studies revolving around these aspects and showcase how abundant information at the individual level improves environmental health risk management. We finally detail the challenges and uncertainties in this rapidly growing field and highlight the priorities in future research. The aim is to motivate local policy actions and foster collective research efforts to promote public health.
Zaobao LIU; Yongchen WANG; Long LI; Xingli FANG; Junze WANG
《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 页码 401-413 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0823-3
关键词: hard rock tunnel tunnel bore machine advance rate prediction temporal convolutional networks soft computing construction big data
谢立信
《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第1期 页码 1-5
改革开放以来,我国眼科资源取得较快增长。随着人们生活水平的提高,白内障、角膜病、沙眼、青光眼、眼底病、屈光不正等主要眼病的患病率也有较大变化。文章根据最新资料,从眼科临床和基础研究两个方面介绍了我国白内障、角膜病、屈光不正、眼底病、青光眼五种主要致盲眼病的现状。在部分城市医院已拥有国际上最先进的检查治疗设备和国际一流水平的优秀专家,但平均水平和发达国家尚有较大差距,主要设备完全依靠进口。在眼科基础研究方面,一些重要研究领域未取得突出的创新成果和重大建树,总体优势还未形成,需要在政策导向和政府投入等方面加大力度。
Mujahid TABASSUM,Manas K. HALDAR,Duaa Fatima S. KHAN
《能源前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第1期 页码 192-211 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0438-2
关键词:
renewable energy
multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)
power grid
phasor measurement unit (PMU)
supervisory control and data acquisition systems (SCADA)
wide area monitoring system (WAMS)
worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)
synchronous digital hierarchy
Combustion and emissions of the diesel engine using bio-diesel fuel
YUAN Yinnan, MEI Deqing, WANG Zhong, ZHANG Tian
《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第2期 页码 189-192 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0021-6
关键词: advance combustion consumption economic performance combustion duration
刘利梅,苏永庆,李琮,贺飞,何永福,钟云
《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第11期 页码 187-190
介绍了离子液体的定义,发展历史,性质等,重点阐述用于金属离子萃取的离子液体的性质、合成方 法和发展方向。
焦鹏,陈必强
《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第4期 页码 44-50 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.007
近些年,人们认识到快速反应时间对应对烈性传染病具有至关重要的作用,然而传统工艺和技术无法有效应对。以美国卫生部为代表的机构提出并开始践行新一代工艺研发与生物制造的技术平台,其目的是要极大缩短生物工艺研发和生产的周期,从而快速应对。精准医学的发展对医药研发与生产也提出了产品研发制备周期短、种类增加、数量减少的新要求,需要新一代的研发与生产技术。实现快速研发的核心设备是微小型生物反应器,新一代技术核心包括高通量筛选、高通量工艺研发,一次性技术,模块化及柔性化生产。新一代工艺研发与生物制造技术不仅关系到国家安全、人民生命健康,其作用及影响将辐射到整个生物加工制造领域,社会与经济价值巨大。
王铁军,郝会民,李国旗,罗福龙,陶知非,陈联青,侯金海
《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第5期 页码 78-83
中国石油工业的掘起与腾飞,使物探装备技术得到了快速发展。地震勘探仪器经历了6次升级换代,契而不舍地追踪国外先进技术,保持了与时俱进、同步发展的局面;可控震源技术走“引进、吸收、消化、创新”的道路,经过20多年的艰辛研发,达到领先或局部领先国际的技术水平;地震辅助装备坚持“自力更生、自主开发”方针,经历30多年探索与创新,使国产设备闪亮挤身于国际勘探市场。自主开发的辅助装备,也取得了长足的进步。
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Leveraging individual-level data to advance air pollution health risk management
Jianxun YANG, Wenjing WU, Miaomiao LIU, Jun BI
期刊论文
Realtime prediction of hard rock TBM advance rate using temporal convolutional network (TCN) with tunnel
Zaobao LIU; Yongchen WANG; Long LI; Xingli FANG; Junze WANG
期刊论文
Implementation and performance evaluation of advance metering infrastructure for Borneo-Wide Power Grid
Mujahid TABASSUM,Manas K. HALDAR,Duaa Fatima S. KHAN
期刊论文
Combustion and emissions of the diesel engine using bio-diesel fuel
YUAN Yinnan, MEI Deqing, WANG Zhong, ZHANG Tian
期刊论文