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A novel intravenous general anesthetic--- emulsified isoflurane: from bench to bedside
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期 页码 381-387 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0229-z
Application of volatile anesthetics greatly alters modern medicine. There are obvious advantages of volatile anesthetics such as strong anesthetic potency, rapid onset and elimination through respiration system. Isoflurane is one of the most widely used volatile anesthetics in clinic. Emulsified isoflurane, the emulsion of isoflurane, is a novel intravenous general anesthetic. With the development of emulsified isoflurane in the past fifteen years, its utility has spread from intravenous general anesthesia to various fields including regional anesthesia, organ protection, as well as anesthetic pharmacological study. In this review, we will summarize literatures of emulsified isoflurane about its history, clinical application and future potential utility in the above mentioned fields.
关键词： emulsified isoflurane (EI) general anesthesia regional anesthesia organ protection anesthetic pharmacological study
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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期 页码 302-306 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0194-6
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tracheal topical anesthesia using EMLA? Cream (EC) coated on the endotracheal tube (ETT) with or without epidural anesthesia (EA) on isoflurane requirement during general anesthesia (GA) and investigate whether EC coated on the ETT with EA was associated with the additive effect compared with the effect when each anesthetic was administered independently. The prospective randomized, double-blinded, and controlled study included 60 ASA I–II patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery requiring GA. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: group 1 received GA, group 2 received EC+ GA, group 3 received GA+ EA, and group 4 received EC+ GA+ EA. Isoflurane was administered at the required concentrations to maintain the mean arterial pressure at a level not exceeding 20% of preoperative values. The percentage mean expired concentration (%MEC) was used in calculating the isoflurane requirement. Emergence agitation, postoperative sore throat, and hoarseness were recorded. Groups 2, 3, and 4 exhibited a significant reduction on isoflurane requirement compared with group 1 (P<0.05). The isoflurane requirement evaluated by %MEC decreased by 12%, 38%, and 50% in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in groups 2 and 4 than those in groups 1 and 3 (P<0.05). Tracheal topical anesthesia using EC coated on ETT with or without EA reduced the isoflurane requirement during GA, indicating that EC combined with EA exhibited an additive effect on the requirement of general anesthetic.
关键词： EMLA? Cream epidural anesthesia general anesthesia isoflurane lidocaine
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