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Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinearsite response analysis

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 275-303 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0685-0

摘要： Site conditions, including geotechnical properties and the geological setting, influence the near-surface response of strata subjected to seismic excitation. The geotechnical parameters required for the design of foundations include mass density ( ), damping ratio ( ), shear wave velocity ( ), and soil shear modulus ( ). The values of the last three parameters are sensitive to the level of nonlinear strain induced in the strata due to seismic ground motion. In this study, the effect of variations in soil properties, such as plasticity index ( ), effective stress ( ), over consolidation ratio (OCR), impedance contrast ratio ( ) between the bedrock and the overlying strata, and depth of soil strata over bedrock ( ), on seismic design parameters ( , , and ) was investigated for National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes C and D, through 1D nonlinear seismic site response analysis. The Morris one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis indicated that , , and were significantly influenced by variations in , while affected more than it affected and . However, the influence of on these parameters was less significant. It was also found that variations in soil properties influenced seismic design parameters in soil type D more significantly than in soil type C. Predictive relationships for , , and were derived based on the 1D seismic site response analysis and sensitivity analysis results. The , , and values obtained from the analysis were compared with the corresponding values in NEHRP to determine the similarities and differences between the two sets of values. The need to incorporate and in the metrics for determining , , and for the seismic design of foundations was highlighted.

关键词： site effects     1D seismic site response analysis     sensitivity analysis     foundations     shear wave velocity     soil shear modulus    

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2.5-dimension soil seismic response to oblique incident waves based on exact free-field solution

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2024年 第18卷 第2期   页码 216-235 doi: 10.1007/s11709-024-1051-9

摘要： With the three dimensional (3D) oblique incident waves exactly determined for the free field, the soil seismic responses in both frequency and time domains are studied by the 2.5 dimension (2.5D) finite/infinite element method. First, the free-field responses in frequency domain are solved exactly for 3D arbitrary incident P and SV waves, which requires no coordinate conversion or extra effort for SV waves with super-critical incident angles. Next, the earthquake spectra are incorporated by the concept of equivalent seismic forces on the near-field boundary, based only on the displacements input derived for unit ground accelerations of each frequency using the 2.5D approach. For the asymmetric 2.5D finite/infinite element model adopted, the procedure for soil seismic analysis is presented. The solutions computed by the proposed method are verified against those of Wolf’s and de Barros and Luco’s and for inversely calculated ground motions. Of interest is that abrupt variation in soil response occurs around the critical angle on the wave propagation plane for SV waves. In addition, the horizontal displacements attenuate with increasing horizontal incident angle, while the longitudinal ones increase inversely for 3D incident P and SV waves.

关键词： 3D oblique incident wave     seismic response analysis     2.5D approach     infinite element     half-space    

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Seismic response reduction of a three-story building by an MR grease damper

Tomoki SAKURAI, Shin MORISHITA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第2期   页码 224-233 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0413-6

摘要：

This paper describes an application of magneto-rheological (MR) grease dampers as seismic dampers for a three-story steel structure. MR fluid is widely known as a smart material with rheological properties that can be varied by magnetic field strength. This material has been applied to various types of devices, such as dampers, clutches, and engine mounts. However, the ferromagnetic particles dispersed in MR fluid settle out of the suspension after a certain interval because of the density difference between the particles and their carrier fluid. To overcome this defect, we developed a new type of controllable working fluid using grease as the carrier of magnetic particles. MR grease was introduced into a cylindrical damper, and the seismic performance of the damper was subsequently studied via numerical analysis. The analysis results of the MR grease damper were compared with those of other seismic dampers. We confirmed that the MR grease damper is an effective seismic damper.

关键词： MR grease damper     seismic damper     vibration control     structural response     FEM analysis    

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Development of a seismic design method based on response spectra for building structures

ZHOU Xiyuan, YU Ruifang

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 129-141 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0014-2

摘要： The assumption and problem of the mode-superposition response spectrum method in seismic design code is discussed based on a brief review of the development of the seismic design method for building structures. The scope of application for the classical damping theory is analyzed and the necessity of the research on mode-superposition method for non-classical damping is presented. The progresses on the mode superposition response spectrum theory are discussed. This includes: 1) the complex mode superposition method (in real form) for the non-classically damped linear system and the general calculation formula for the application of code; 2) the complex complete quadratic combination (CCQC) method for the non-classically damped linear system, which is based on the same assumptions as in deducing the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method which is popularly used in seismic design codes of many countries; 3) the complex complete quadratic combination with three components (CCQC3) method, which is a generalization of the CCQC method to the case of multi-components and multiple-support seismic excitations and deducing corresponding method; 4) the approach for calculation of seismic response of the non-classically damped system with overcritical damping and the calculation method of seismic response for the linear system with multiple eigenvalues; 5) the time-dependent CCQC (t) algorithm considering nonstationary earthquake ground motion; 6) an applied and effective method to solve the low order complex vector basis for the large linear non-classically damped system, which can be expediently used in practice to avoid the unknown errors coming from the forced uncoupling method; 7) bringing forward the concept of partial quadratic combination in order to reduce the calculation amount of CQC and CCQC methods, and studying the primary estimation-criterion. The reasonability and applicable scope of these methods are also briefly discussed in this paper.

关键词： generalization     classical damping     mode-superposition response     calculation formula     damping theory    

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Numerical analysis on seismic response and failure mechanism of articulated pile−structure system in

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-024-0958-5

摘要： This study investigates the seismic response and failure mode of a pile−structure system in a liquefiable site by employing a numerical simulation model combined with the shaking-table results of a soil−pile−structure dynamic system. The pile and soil responses obtained from the numerical simulations agreed well with the experimental results. The slopes of the dynamic shear-stress–shear-strain hysteretic curves at different positions also exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating that the shear strength of the soil in all parts of the foundation decreased. The peak acceleration of the soil and pile was not clearly amplified in the saturated sand layer but appeared to be amplified in the top part. The maximum bending moments appeared in the middle and lower parts of the pile shaft; however, the shear forces at the corresponding positions were not large. It can be observed from the deformation mode of the pile-group foundation that a typical bending failure is caused by an excessive bending moment in the middle of the pile shaft if the link between the pile top and cap is articulated, and sufficient attention should be paid to the bending failure in the middle of the pile shaft.

关键词： numerical simulation     soil liquefaction     pile foundation     shaking-table experiment     seismic responses     failure model    

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Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1133-1144 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0959-9

摘要： Sustainable structures are critical for addressing global climate change. Hence, their structural resilience or ability to recover from natural events must be considered comprehensively. Green roofs are a widely used sustainable feature that improve the environment while providing excellent occupant amenity. To expand their usage, their inherent damping and layout sensitivity to seismic performance are investigated in this study. The soil of a green roof can serve as a damper to dissipate the energy generated by earthquakes or other dynamic events. Results of preliminary analysis show that a green roof soil can increase localized damping by 2.5% under both dry and saturated conditions. Based on these findings, nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted on a three-story building in SAP2000 to monitor the structural behavior with and without a green roof. The increased damping in the green roof soil is beneficial to the structural performance, i.e., it reduces the building displacement and acceleration by 10% and 12%, respectively. Additionally, certain configurations are more effective and beneficial to the structural response than others, which suggests the possibility of design optimization. Based on the findings of this study, new methods of modeling and considering green roofs in structural design are established.

关键词： green infrastructure     green roof     structural resilience     seismic design    

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Numerical study on the seismic response of the underground subway station- surrounding soil mass-ground

Guobo WANG, Mingzhi YUAN, Xianfeng MA, Jun WU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 424-435 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0381-7

摘要： Ground buildings constructed above metro station have increased very quickly due to the limited land resources in urban areas. In this paper, the seismic response of the Underground subway station-Surrounding soil mass-Ground adjacent buildings (USG) system subjected to various seismic loading is studied through numerical analysis. The numerical model is established in terms of the calculation domain, boundary condition, and contact property between soil and structure based on the real project. The reciprocal influence between subway station and ground adjacent building, and their effects on the dynamic characteristics of surrounding soil mass are also investigated. Through the numerical study, it is found that the impact of underground structure on the dynamic characteristics of the surrounding soil mass depends on its own dimension, and the presence of underground structure has certain impact on the seismic response of ground adjacent building. Due to the presence of underground structure and ground adjacent building, the vertical acceleration generated by the USG system cannot be ignored. The outcomes of this study can provide the references for seismic design of structures in the USG system.

关键词： underground subway station     ground adjacent building     seismic response    

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Investigations concerning seismic response control of self-anchored suspension bridge with MR dampers

YANG Menggang, HU Jianhua

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 43-48 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0011-0

摘要： To mitigate the seismic response of self-anchored suspension bridges, equations of motion governing the coupled system of bridge- magneto-rheological (MR) dampers subject to seismic excitation are formulated by employing the phenomenological model of MR dampers. A corresponding computer program is developed and employed for studying the seismic response control of a self-anchored suspension bridge with a main span of 350 m. The effect of variable current and number of dampers on seismic response control is investigated. The numerical results indicate the longitudinal displacement of the tower top and bridge girder decrease with the increase in input current and number of MR dampers attached longitudinally at the tower-girder connections, and the internal forces of the tower are effectively attenuated as well. It appears that small electronic current (0.5 A in this study) may sufficiently attenuate the seismic responses for practical engineering applications.

关键词： longitudinal displacement     corresponding computer     excitation     phenomenological     self-anchored suspension    

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Seismic response of precast reinforced concrete wall subjected to cyclic in-plane and constant out-of-plane

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1128-1143 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0753-5

摘要： This paper provides insight into the seismic behavior of a full-scale precast reinforced concrete wall under in-plane cyclic loading combined with out-of-plane loading replicated by sand backfill to simulate the actual condition of basement walls. The tested wall exhibited flexural cracks, owing to the high aspect ratio and considerable out-of-plane movement due to lateral pressure from the backfill. The wall performed satisfactorily by exhibiting competent seismic parameters and deformation characteristics governed by its ductile response in the nonlinear phase during the test with smaller residual drift. Numerical analysis was conducted to validate experimental findings, which complied with each other. The numerical model was used to conduct parametric studies to study the effect of backfill density and aspect ratio on seismic response of the proposed precast wall system. The in-plane capacity of walls reduced, while deformation characteristics were unaffected by the increase in backfill density. An increase in aspect ratio leads to a reduction in in-plane capacity and an increase in drift. Curves between the ratio of in-plane yield capacity and design shear load of walls are proposed for the backfill density, which may be adopted to determine the in-plane yield capacity of the basement walls based on their design shear.

关键词： precast wall     basement wall     out-of-plane response     quasi-static test     sand backfill     seismic parameters    

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Computational studies on the seismic response of the State Route 99 bridge in Seattle with SMA/ECC plastic

Jiping GE, M. Saiid SAIIDI, Sebastian VARELA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 149-164 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0482-6

摘要： This paper reports a computational study on the seismic response of a three-span highway bridge system incorporating conventional and novel substructure details for improved seismic performance. The bridge has three continuous spans supported by two single-column piers and integral abutments founded on drilled shafts. It will be the first full-scale highway bridge to use superelastic shape memory alloy bars (SMA) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) to mitigate column plastic hinge damage and minimize residual displacements after a strong earthquake. A three-dimensional computational model capturing the nonlinear constitutive response of the novel materials and the effects of dynamic soil-structure interaction was developed to assess the seismic response of the bridge in finite-element software OpenSees. Two versions of the same bridge were analyzed and compared, one with conventional cast-in-place reinforced concrete columns, and the other with top plastic hinges incorporating Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) SMA reinforcing bars and ECC. The novel SMA/ECC plastic hinges were found to substantially reduce damage and post-earthquake residual displacements in the bridge substructure, but led to larger maximum drifts relative to the bridge with conventional reinforced concrete plastic hinges. The analysis results suggested that the novel plastic hinges could lead to improved post-earthquake serviceability of bridges after intense earthquakes.

关键词： seismic design     analytical simulation     near-fault earthquakes     shape memory alloy     engineered cementitious composite     self-centering    

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Probabilistic seismic response and uncertainty analysis of continuous bridges under near-fault ground

Hai-Bin MA, Wei-Dong ZHUO, Davide LAVORATO, Camillo NUTI, Gabriele FIORENTINO, Giuseppe Carlo MARANO, Rita GRECO, Bruno BRISEGHELLA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 1510-1519 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0577-8

摘要： Performance-based seismic design can generate predictable structure damage result with given seismic hazard. However, there are multiple sources of uncertainties in the seismic design process that can affect desired performance predictability. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of near-fault pulse-like ground motions and the uncertainties in bridge modeling on the seismic demands of regular continuous highway bridges. By modeling a regular continuous bridge with OpenSees software, a series of nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis of the bridge at three different site conditions under near-fault pulse-like ground motions are carried out. The relationships between different Intensity Measure (IM) parameters and the Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP) are discussed. After selecting the peak ground acceleration as the most correlated IM parameter and the drift ratio of the bridge column as the EDP parameter, a probabilistic seismic demand model is developed for near-fault earthquake ground motions for 3 different site conditions. On this basis, the uncertainty analysis is conducted with the key sources of uncertainty during the finite element modeling. All the results are quantified by the “swing” base on the specific distribution range of each uncertainty parameter both in near-fault and far-fault cases. All the ground motions are selected from PEER database, while the bridge case study is a typical regular highway bridge designed in accordance with the Chinese Guidelines for Seismic Design of Highway Bridges. The results show that PGA is a proper IM parameter for setting up a linear probabilistic seismic demand model; damping ratio, pier diameter and concrete strength are the main uncertainty parameters during bridge modeling, which should be considered both in near-fault and far-fault ground motion cases.

关键词： continuous bridge     probabilistic seismic demand model     Intensity Measure     near-fault     uncertainty    

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Three-dimensional seismic response analysis of a concrete-faced rockfill dam on overburden layers

Dakuo FENG, Ga ZHANG, Jianmin ZHANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 258-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0031-4

摘要： Reasonable seismic response analysis of a high rockfill dam is of great engineering significance in guiding its design and ensuring its seismic safety during operation, especially of a concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) on overburden layers. The three-dimensional seismic behavior of the Miaojiaba CFRD is simulated and analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The results indicate that: 1) the amplification coefficient along the dam axis gradually increases with the altitude, and reaches maximum at the dam crest; 2) the vertical residual deformation mainly exhibits downwards and reaches maximum near the dam crest; 3) the earthquake significantly aggravates the deformation of peripheral joints; 4) the impounding condition and overburden characteristics have great effects on the dam’s seismic response.

关键词： concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD)     overburden layer     dynamic analysis     finite element method (FEM)    

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Seismic responses of subway station with different distributions of soft soil in Tianjin

Dejian YANG,Meiling DUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 187-193 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0252-z

摘要： In connection with the practical project of Kunming Road station of Tianjin subway Line 3, the paper established a two-dimensional finite element model with visco-elastic boundary by using ANSYS and analyzed seismic responses of subway station with different distribution of soft soil. The nonlinear dynamic properties of soft soils are modeled by the KINH. And obtain the response rules about displacement and internal force on subway station in the general field soil and five different distributions of soft soil. Provide reference for improving the seismic performance of subway stations in Tianjin soft soil.

关键词： distribution of soft soil     soft soil in Tianjin     seismic response     ANSYS    

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Finite element modeling of cable sliding and its effect on dynamic response of cable-supported truss

Yujie YU, Zhihua CHEN, Renzhang YAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期   页码 1227-1242 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0551-5

摘要： The cable system of cable-supported structures usually bears high tension forces, and clip joints may fail to resist cable sliding in cases of earthquake excitations or sudden cable breaks. A analytical method that considers the dynamic cable sliding effect is proposed in this paper. Cable sliding behaviors and the resultant dynamic responses are solved by combining the vector form intrinsic finite element framework with cable force redistribution calculations that consider joint frictions. The cable sliding effect and the frictional tension loss are solved with the original length method that uses cable length and the original length relations. Then, the balanced tension distributions are calculated after frictional sliding. The proposed analytical method is achieved within MATLAB and applied to simulate the dynamic response of a cable-supported plane truss under seismic excitation and sudden cable break. During seismic excitations, the cable sliding behavior in the cable-supported truss have an averaging effect on the oscillation magnitudes, but it also magnifies the internal force response in the upper truss structure. The slidable cable joints can greatly reduce the ability of a cable system to resist sudden cable breaks, while strong friction resistances at the cable-strut joints can help retain internal forces.

关键词： sliding cable     explicit solution framework     original length method     seismic response     cable rupture    

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Application of an efficient stochastic calculation method on the seismic analysis of an isolated structure

Wei GUO, Zhiwu YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 379-384 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0180-8

摘要： An isolated structure often possesses distinct non-proportional damping characteristics. However, traditional seismic calculation theory and methods are derived based on the assumption that damping is proportional. Based on this drawback, a new, more efficient stochastic calculation method, an improvement on the pseudo-excitation method, is introduced. This method is then applied to the seismic analysis of an isolated structure. By comparing it with the forced decoupling, matrix inversion and iteration methods, it is shown that the presented method can produce accurate results while increasing the efficiency of the stochastic analysis. Moreover, the calculation process of the seismic response of an isolated structure is convergent. Based on the results of the example presented in this paper, the given method is applicable to the seismic analysis of an isolated structure and can be utilized in practice.

关键词： isolated structure     stochastic response     non-proportional damping     efficient     accurate     pseudo-excitation method    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinearsite response analysis

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

期刊论文

2.5-dimension soil seismic response to oblique incident waves based on exact free-field solution

期刊论文

Seismic response reduction of a three-story building by an MR grease damper

Tomoki SAKURAI, Shin MORISHITA

期刊论文

Development of a seismic design method based on response spectra for building structures

ZHOU Xiyuan, YU Ruifang

期刊论文

Numerical analysis on seismic response and failure mechanism of articulated pile−structure system in

期刊论文

Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

期刊论文

Numerical study on the seismic response of the underground subway station- surrounding soil mass-ground

Guobo WANG, Mingzhi YUAN, Xianfeng MA, Jun WU

期刊论文

Investigations concerning seismic response control of self-anchored suspension bridge with MR dampers

YANG Menggang, HU Jianhua

期刊论文

Seismic response of precast reinforced concrete wall subjected to cyclic in-plane and constant out-of-plane

期刊论文

Computational studies on the seismic response of the State Route 99 bridge in Seattle with SMA/ECC plastic

Jiping GE, M. Saiid SAIIDI, Sebastian VARELA

期刊论文

Probabilistic seismic response and uncertainty analysis of continuous bridges under near-fault ground

Hai-Bin MA, Wei-Dong ZHUO, Davide LAVORATO, Camillo NUTI, Gabriele FIORENTINO, Giuseppe Carlo MARANO, Rita GRECO, Bruno BRISEGHELLA

期刊论文

Three-dimensional seismic response analysis of a concrete-faced rockfill dam on overburden layers

Dakuo FENG, Ga ZHANG, Jianmin ZHANG,

期刊论文

Seismic responses of subway station with different distributions of soft soil in Tianjin

Dejian YANG,Meiling DUAN

期刊论文

Finite element modeling of cable sliding and its effect on dynamic response of cable-supported truss

Yujie YU, Zhihua CHEN, Renzhang YAN

期刊论文

Application of an efficient stochastic calculation method on the seismic analysis of an isolated structure

Wei GUO, Zhiwu YU

期刊论文