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2015, Volume 9, Issue 3

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering >> 2015, Volume 9, Issue 3 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0674-9

Effects of rape straw and red mud on extractability and bioavailability of cadmium in a calcareous soil

1. Centre for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.2. National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Long-term Monitoring Network, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.3. The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China

Accepted: 2014-03-18 Available online: 2015-04-30
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Abstract

Screening of cost-effective soil amendments is important to develop “ ” remediation techniques for cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. In this study, different soil amendments, including red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, and acid-treated, nano-treated by nano-particle milling, nano and acid-treated red muds, zeolite, corn straw, and rape straw, were evaluated to immobilize Cd in two added levels (2 and 5 mg Cd·kg soil) in a calcareous soil by single and sequential extractions and by cucumber ( L.) pot experiments. Results indicated that cruciferous rape straw significantly decreased the concentrations of water soluble, extractable Cd in soils, and Cd in cucumber plants, and it was more effective than gramineous corn straw. Also, red mud generally decreased the extractability and bioavailability of Cd added to calcareous soils more effectively than zeolite. Furthermore, the efficiency of red mud could be increased by the treatment of nano-particle milling due to the increase in specific surface area of red mud. It is potential to use rape straw and red mud as soil amendments to develop a cost-effective and efficient “ ” remediation technology for Cd mildly contaminated calcareous soils.

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