2016-03-30 , Volume 2 Issue 1

Cover illustration

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    The cover satellite cloud image shows a super tropical cyclone forming and developing above the tropical ocean; this formation generally leads to a cyclonic storm, storm tide, and other severe natural disasters in coastal areas or where it lands. Global warming is causing sea surface temperatures to increase, and several studies argue that this phenomenon is affecting the intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones. According to the Fifth Assessment Report released by the IPCC, the intensity and frequency of storms forming in the North Atlantic Ocean have both increased since 1970. Despite the causes of such phenomena being controversial, the correlation between climate change and trop-ical cyclone intensity and frequency has been verified by a considerable number of studies. We should take more effective measures to ensure that the impacts of climate change are limited to within a controllable range, thus building a safer and more sustainable future.

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    Editorial
  • Editorial
    Facing Challenges Together
    [Author(id=1166053732627702762, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893327028681, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053732761920492, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893327028681, authorId=1166053732627702762, language=EN, stringName=Zhihua Zhong, firstName=Zhihua, middleName=null, lastName=Zhong, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . Secretary-General of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053732866778093, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893327028681, authorId=1166053732627702762, language=CN, stringName=钟志华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . Secretary-General of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053732963247087, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893327028681, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053733093270514, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893327028681, authorId=1166053732963247087, language=EN, stringName=Raj Reddy, firstName=Raj, middleName=null, lastName=Reddy, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Mozah Bint Nasser University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053733193933810, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893327028681, authorId=1166053732963247087, language=CN, stringName=Reddy Raj, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Mozah Bint Nasser University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Zhihua Zhong , Raj Reddy

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • News & Highlights
  • News & Highlights
    A Triumph of Science−and Engineering
    [Author(id=1166053742257823779, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893511578058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053742379458597, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893511578058, authorId=1166053742257823779, language=EN, stringName=Lance A. Davis, firstName=Lance A., middleName=null, lastName=Davis, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Advisor, US National Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053742475927590, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893511578058, authorId=1166053742257823779, language=CN, stringName=Lance A. Davis, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Advisor, US National Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Lance A. Davis

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
  • Views & Comments
    The Power of an Idea: The International Impacts of the Grand Challenges for Engineering
    [Author(id=1166053734112485378, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053734250897412, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, authorId=1166053734112485378, language=EN, stringName=C. D. Mote Jr., firstName=C. D. Mote, middleName=null, lastName=Jr., prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Presidents of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053734347366405, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, authorId=1166053734112485378, language=CN, stringName=C. D. Mote Jr., firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Presidents of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053734448029703, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053734582247433, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, authorId=1166053734448029703, language=EN, stringName=Dame Ann Dowling, firstName=Dame Ann, middleName=null, lastName=Dowling, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Presidents of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053734678716426, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, authorId=1166053734448029703, language=CN, stringName=Dame Ann Dowling, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Presidents of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053734783574030, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053734913597459, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, authorId=1166053734783574030, language=EN, stringName=Ji Zhou, firstName=Ji, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Presidents of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053735010066453, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894572736975, authorId=1166053734783574030, language=CN, stringName=周济, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Presidents of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Royal Academy of Engineering (RAE), and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] C. D. Mote Jr. , Dame Ann Dowling , Ji Zhou

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Good Morning Engineers: A Wake up Call
    [Author(id=1166053733344928759, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893780013516, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053733449786362, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893780013516, authorId=1166053733344928759, language=EN, stringName=Charles O. Holliday, firstName=Charles O., middleName=null, lastName=Holliday, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chairman, National Academy of Engineering; Chairman, Royal Dutch Shell, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053733533672444, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893780013516, authorId=1166053733344928759, language=CN, stringName=Charles O. Holliday, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chairman, National Academy of Engineering; Chairman, Royal Dutch Shell, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Charles O. Holliday

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Tackling Global Grand Challenges in Our Cities
    [Author(id=1166053858016420259, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827977108251257, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053858121277861, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827977108251257, authorId=1166053858016420259, language=EN, stringName=Andrew Ka-Ching Chan, firstName=Andrew Ka-Ching, middleName=null, lastName=Chan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chairman, Arup Group Trusts, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053858205163942, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827977108251257, authorId=1166053858016420259, language=CN, stringName=Andrew Ka-Ching Chan, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chairman, Arup Group Trusts, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053858289050024, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827977108251257, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053858393907626, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827977108251257, authorId=1166053858289050024, language=EN, stringName=FREng, firstName=FREng, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chairman, Arup Group Trusts, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053858477793707, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827977108251257, authorId=1166053858289050024, language=CN, stringName=FREng, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chairman, Arup Group Trusts, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Andrew Ka-Ching Chan , FREng

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    A Bright Future for Sustainable Development: Ushered in by Innovation
    [Author(id=1166053785589178524, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893675155915, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053785685647519, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893675155915, authorId=1166053785589178524, language=EN, stringName=Jining Chen, firstName=Jining, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Minister, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053785765339297, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827893675155915, authorId=1166053785589178524, language=CN, stringName=陈吉宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Minister, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Jining Chen

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Can Engineers Lead Again?
    [Author(id=1166053785018753166, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894040060365, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053785119416464, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894040060365, authorId=1166053785018753166, language=EN, stringName=Keith Clarke, firstName=Keith, middleName=null, lastName=Clarke, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chair, Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon;Vice Chair, Future Cities Catapult;Chair, Forum for the Future, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053785190719633, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894040060365, authorId=1166053785018753166, language=CN, stringName=Keith Clarke, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chair, Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon; Vice Chair, Future Cities Catapult; Chair, Forum for the Future, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053785266217107, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894040060365, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053785371074709, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894040060365, authorId=1166053785266217107, language=EN, stringName=CBE, firstName=CBE, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chair, Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon;Vice Chair, Future Cities Catapult;Chair, Forum for the Future, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053785454960790, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894040060365, authorId=1166053785266217107, language=CN, stringName=CBE, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Chair, Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon; Vice Chair, Future Cities Catapult; Chair, Forum for the Future, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Keith Clarke , CBE

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Fitting on the Earth: Challenges of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle to Preserve the Habitability of the Planet
    [Author(id=1166053792203596018, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894274941390, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053792312647925, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894274941390, authorId=1166053792203596018, language=EN, stringName=Robert Socolow, firstName=Robert, middleName=null, lastName=Socolow, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053792392339703, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827894274941390, authorId=1166053792203596018, language=CN, stringName=Robert Socolow, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Robert Socolow

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Sustainable Management of Water Resources
    [Author(id=1166053804299968841, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827899337466328, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053804409020747, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827899337466328, authorId=1166053804299968841, language=EN, stringName=Yi Qian, firstName=Yi, middleName=null, lastName=Qian, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053804497101132, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159827899337466328, authorId=1166053804299968841, language=CN, stringName=钱易, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Yi Qian

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    The Progress and Grand Challenge of Urbanization in China
    [Author(id=1166053921723703959, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828077398254429, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053921820172953, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828077398254429, authorId=1166053921723703959, language=EN, stringName=XuKuangdi, firstName=XuKuangdi, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Honorary Chairman of the Governing Board of Chinese Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053921895670426, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828077398254429, authorId=1166053921723703959, language=CN, stringName=徐匡迪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Honorary Chairman of the Governing Board of Chinese Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] XuKuangdi

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    China’s Urban Infrastructure Challenges
    [Author(id=1166053922285740704, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828072469947226, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053922415764130, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828072469947226, authorId=1166053922285740704, language=EN, stringName=Yunhe Pan, firstName=Yunhe, middleName=null, lastName=Pan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Former Executive Vice President, Chinese Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053922516427427, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828072469947226, authorId=1166053922285740704, language=CN, stringName=潘云鹤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Former Executive Vice President, Chinese Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Yunhe Pan

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Human-Centered Mobility: A New Approach to Designing and Improving Our Urban Transport Infrastructure
    [Author(id=1166053909350507048, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053909446976042, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, authorId=1166053909350507048, language=EN, stringName=Dervilla Mitchell, firstName=Dervilla, middleName=null, lastName=Mitchell, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . Director, Arup Group Limited, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053909522473515, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, authorId=1166053909350507048, language=CN, stringName=Dervilla Mitchell, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . Director, Arup Group Limited, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053909593776685, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053909694439984, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, authorId=1166053909593776685, language=EN, stringName=Susan Claris, firstName=Susan, middleName=null, lastName=Claris, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Associate Director, Arup Group Limited, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053909765743153, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, authorId=1166053909593776685, language=CN, stringName=Susan Claris, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Associate Director, Arup Group Limited, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053909841240627, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053909933515317, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, authorId=1166053909841240627, language=EN, stringName=David Edge, firstName=David, middleName=null, lastName=Edge, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c . Associate, Arup Group Limited, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053910009012790, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054551880486, authorId=1166053909841240627, language=CN, stringName=David Edge, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c . Associate, Arup Group Limited, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Dervilla Mitchell , Susan Claris , David Edge

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Informatics: The Frontier of Innovation in Health and Healthcare
    [Author(id=1166053885925319109, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053886055342535, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, authorId=1166053885925319109, language=EN, stringName=Molly Joel Coye, firstName=Molly Joel, middleName=null, lastName=Coye, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Social Entrepreneur in Residence, Network for Excellence in Health Innovation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053886160200136, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, authorId=1166053885925319109, language=CN, stringName=Molly Joel Coye, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Social Entrepreneur in Residence, Network for Excellence in Health Innovation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053886256669130, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053886390886860, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, authorId=1166053886256669130, language=EN, stringName=MD, firstName=MD, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Social Entrepreneur in Residence, Network for Excellence in Health Innovation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053886491550157, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, authorId=1166053886256669130, language=CN, stringName=MD, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Social Entrepreneur in Residence, Network for Excellence in Health Innovation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166053886588019151, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053886722236881, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, authorId=1166053886588019151, language=EN, stringName=MPH, firstName=MPH, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Social Entrepreneur in Residence, Network for Excellence in Health Innovation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053886822900178, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039704044293, authorId=1166053886588019151, language=CN, stringName=MPH, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Social Entrepreneur in Residence, Network for Excellence in Health Innovation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Molly Joel Coye , MD , MPH

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Health in an Aging World: What Should We Do?
    [Author(id=1166053897207996912, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828045467017994, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053897333826034, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828045467017994, authorId=1166053897207996912, language=EN, stringName=Yu-Mei Wen, firstName=Yu-Mei, middleName=null, lastName=Wen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053897426100723, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828045467017994, authorId=1166053897207996912, language=CN, stringName=闻玉梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Yu-Mei Wen

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    The Greatest Global Grand Challenge: Preparing Our Next Generations to Solve the Challenges of Tomorrow: International First and the National Academies Partnership
    [Author(id=1166053946491069114, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039804707590, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053946637869757, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039804707590, authorId=1166053946491069114, language=EN, stringName=Dean Kamen, firstName=Dean, middleName=null, lastName=Kamen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= President, DEKA Research and Development Corporation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053946738533055, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828039804707590, authorId=1166053946491069114, language=CN, stringName=Dean Kamen, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= President, DEKA Research and Development Corporation, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Dean Kamen

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    The Beginnings of Wisdom: Challenges in Engineering Education
    [Author(id=1166053957815689984, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828044091286280, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053957945713410, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828044091286280, authorId=1166053957815689984, language=EN, stringName=Helen Atkinson, firstName=Helen, middleName=null, lastName=Atkinson, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Head, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester; Chair, the Education and Skills Committee (formerly the Standing Committee on Education and Training) for the Royal Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053958046376708, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828044091286280, authorId=1166053957815689984, language=CN, stringName=Helen Atkinson, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Head, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester; Chair, the Education and Skills Committee (formerly the Standing Committee on Education and Training) for the Royal Academy of Engineering, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Helen Atkinson

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Insecurity by Design: Today’s IoT Device Security Problem
    [Author(id=1166053961695421220, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828046385570571, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053961833833255, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828046385570571, authorId=1166053961695421220, language=EN, stringName=Maire O’Neill, firstName=Maire, middleName=null, lastName=O’Neill, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Research Director, Secure Digital Systems at the Center for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen’s University Belfast, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053961930302249, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828046385570571, authorId=1166053961695421220, language=CN, stringName=Maire O’Neill, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Research Director, Secure Digital Systems at the Center for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen’s University Belfast, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Maire O’Neill

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Climate Intervention: Possible Impacts on Global Security and Resilience
    [Author(id=1166053958214148872, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828043801879303, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053958356755212, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828043801879303, authorId=1166053958214148872, language=EN, stringName=Marcia McNutt, firstName=Marcia, middleName=null, lastName=McNutt, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Editor-in-Chief,Science Journals, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053958465807118, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828043801879303, authorId=1166053958214148872, language=CN, stringName=Marcia McNutt, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Editor-in-Chief, Science Journals, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Marcia McNutt

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    Responding to Global Changes as a Community of Common Destiny
    [Author(id=1166053970084029248, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054048564004, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053970226635586, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054048564004, authorId=1166053970084029248, language=EN, stringName=Xiangwan Du, firstName=Xiangwan, middleName=null, lastName=Du, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Former Vice President, Chinese Academy of Engineering; Chairman, China National Expert Committee of Climate Change, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053970335687491, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828054048564004, authorId=1166053970084029248, language=CN, stringName=杜祥琬, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Former Vice President, Chinese Academy of Engineering; Chairman, China National Expert Committee of Climate Change, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Xiangwan Du

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    The Future of Nuclear Energy Relies on Integrated Reactor Development Processes
    [Author(id=1166053994897531763, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828126765212551, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053994998195063, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828126765212551, authorId=1166053994897531763, language=EN, stringName=Hervé Machenaud, firstName=Hervé, middleName=null, lastName=Machenaud, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= EDF Group Chief Representative in China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053995069498233, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828126765212551, authorId=1166053994897531763, language=CN, stringName=马识路, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= EDF Group Chief Representative in China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Hervé Machenaud

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
    The Lead Fast Reactor: An Opportunity for the Future?
    [Author(id=1166053994876560242, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828126475805574, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166053994989806454, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828126475805574, authorId=1166053994876560242, language=EN, stringName=Alessandro Alemberti, firstName=Alessandro, middleName=null, lastName=Alemberti, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Ansaldo Nucleare SpA, Genova 16159, Italy, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166053995069498232, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828126475805574, authorId=1166053994876560242, language=CN, stringName=Alessandro Alemberti, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Ansaldo Nucleare SpA, Genova 16159, Italy, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Alessandro Alemberti

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
  • Research
    A New Look at Building Facades as Infrastructure
    [Author(id=1166054065693188319, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828189625246699, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054065873543394, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828189625246699, authorId=1166054065693188319, language=EN, stringName=Doris Sung, firstName=Doris, middleName=null, lastName=Sung, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a . School of Architecture, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
    b . DOSU Studio Architecture, Rolling Hills, CA 90274, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054065986789603, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828189625246699, authorId=1166054065693188319, language=CN, stringName=Doris Sung, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a . School of Architecture, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
    b . DOSU Studio Architecture, Rolling Hills, CA 90274, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Doris Sung

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    Marine Renewable Energy Seascape
    [Author(id=1166054052913143939, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828164421673924, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054053043167366, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828164421673924, authorId=1166054052913143939, language=EN, stringName=Alistair G. L. Borthwick, firstName=Alistair G. L., middleName=null, lastName=Borthwick, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054053135442056, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828164421673924, authorId=1166054052913143939, language=CN, stringName=Alistair G. L. Borthwick, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Alistair G. L. Borthwick

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    HPR1000: Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor with Active and Passive Safety
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    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    The Traveling Wave Reactor: Design and Development
    [Author(id=1166054139336778486, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054139429053177, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, authorId=1166054139336778486, language=EN, stringName=John Gilleland, firstName=John, middleName=null, lastName=Gilleland, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= TerraPower LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054139508744955, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, authorId=1166054139336778486, language=CN, stringName=John Gilleland, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= TerraPower LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054139584242429, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054139680711423, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, authorId=1166054139584242429, language=EN, stringName=Robert Petroski, firstName=Robert, middleName=null, lastName=Petroski, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= TerraPower LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054139752014592, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, authorId=1166054139584242429, language=CN, stringName=Robert Petroski, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= TerraPower LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054139827512067, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054139923981062, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, authorId=1166054139827512067, language=EN, stringName=Kevan Weaver, firstName=Kevan, middleName=null, lastName=Weaver, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= TerraPower LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054139999478535, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828159715664823, authorId=1166054139827512067, language=CN, stringName=Kevan Weaver, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= TerraPower LLC, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] John Gilleland , Robert Petroski , Kevan Weaver

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    The General Design and Technology Innovations of CAP1400
    [Author(id=1166054125311025616, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828145555694488, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054125411688915, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828145555694488, authorId=1166054125311025616, language=EN, stringName=Mingguang Zheng, firstName=Mingguang, middleName=null, lastName=Zheng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai 200233, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054125482992084, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, 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lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054125898228193, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828145555694488, authorId=1166054125801759198, language=EN, stringName=Shentu Jun, firstName=Shentu, middleName=null, lastName=Jun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai 200233, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054125969531363, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828145555694488, authorId=1166054125801759198, language=CN, stringName=申屠军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, 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200233, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054126267326959, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828145555694488, authorId=1166054126049223142, language=CN, stringName=田林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai 200233, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054126342824434, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828145555694488, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054126443487733, 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articleId=1159828145555694488, authorId=1166054126590288379, language=CN, stringName=邱忠明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute, Shanghai 200233, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Mingguang Zheng , Jinquan Yan , Shentu Jun , Lin Tian , Xujia Wang , Zhongming Qiu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    In-Vessel Melt Retention of Pressurized Water Reactors: Historical Review and Future Research Needs
    [Author(id=1166054147280790321, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054147431785267, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, authorId=1166054147280790321, language=EN, stringName=Weimin Ma, firstName=Weimin, middleName=null, lastName=Ma, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd., Beijing 100840, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054147540837172, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, authorId=1166054147280790321, language=CN, stringName=马卫民, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd., Beijing 100840, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054147649889078, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054147792495416, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, authorId=1166054147649889078, language=EN, stringName=Yidan Yuan, firstName=Yidan, middleName=null, lastName=Yuan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd., Beijing 100840, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054147905741625, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, authorId=1166054147649889078, language=CN, stringName=元一单, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. Ltd., Beijing 100840, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054148014793531, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054148157399869, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, authorId=1166054148014793531, language=EN, stringName=Bal Raj Sehgal, firstName=Bal Raj, middleName=null, lastName=Sehgal, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Roslagstullsbacken 21, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054148270646078, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828165633827788, authorId=1166054148014793531, language=CN, stringName=Bal Raj Sehgal, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Roslagstullsbacken 21, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Weimin Ma , Yidan Yuan , Bal Raj Sehgal

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    The Shandong Shidao Bay 200 MWe High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM) Demonstration Power Plant: An Engineering and Technological Innovation
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language=CN, stringName=王金华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Zuoyi Zhang , Yujie Dong , Fu Li , Zhengming Zhang , Haitao Wang , Xiaojin Huang , Hong Li , Bing Liu , Xinxin Wu , Hong Wang , Xingzhong Diao , Haiquan Zhang , Jinhua Wang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    The Status of the US High-Temperature Gas Reactors
    [Author(id=1166054119711629676, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828144343540631, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054119820681584, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828144343540631, authorId=1166054119711629676, language=EN, stringName=Andrew C. Kadak, firstName=Andrew C., middleName=null, lastName=Kadak, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Kadak Associates, Inc., Port St. Lucie, FL 34952, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054119900373363, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828144343540631, authorId=1166054119711629676, language=CN, stringName=Andrew C. Kadak, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Kadak Associates, Inc., Port St. Lucie, FL 34952, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Andrew C. Kadak

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    Design and R&D Progress of China Lead-Based Reactor for ADS Research Facility
    [Author(id=1166054229359124857, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828313290104889, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054229505925499, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828313290104889, authorId=1166054229359124857, language=EN, stringName=Yican Wu, firstName=Yican, middleName=null, lastName=Wu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054229614977404, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828313290104889, authorId=1166054229359124857, language=CN, stringName=吴宜灿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Key Laboratory of Neutronics and Radiation Safety, Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Yican Wu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    Tumor Molecular Imaging with Nanoparticles
    [Author(id=1166054222140727610, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054222237196605, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222140727610, language=EN, stringName=Zhen Cheng, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=Cheng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054222312694078, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222140727610, language=CN, stringName=Zhen Cheng, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a . Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054222388191552, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054222509826371, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222388191552, language=EN, stringName=Xuefeng Yan, firstName=Xuefeng, middleName=null, lastName=Yan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b . Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    c . TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054222585323844, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222388191552, language=CN, stringName=Xuefeng Yan, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b . Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    c . TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054222656627014, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054222778261833, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222656627014, language=EN, stringName=Xilin Sun, firstName=Xilin, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b . Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    c . TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054222853759306, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222656627014, language=CN, stringName=Xilin Sun, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b . Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    c . TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054222929256780, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054223050891599, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222929256780, language=EN, stringName=Baozhong Shen, firstName=Baozhong, middleName=null, lastName=Shen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b . Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    c . TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054223126389072, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054222929256780, language=CN, stringName=Baozhong Shen, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, c, address=b . Molecular Imaging Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    c . TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054223206080850, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054223344492885, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054223206080850, language=EN, stringName=Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, firstName=Sanjiv Sam, middleName=null, lastName=Gambhir, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, d, address=a . Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    d . Departments of Bioengineering & Materials Science and Engineering, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054223440961878, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828287029567509, authorId=1166054223206080850, language=CN, stringName=Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, d, address=a . Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    d . Departments of Bioengineering & Materials Science and Engineering, Bio-X Program, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Zhen Cheng , Xuefeng Yan , Xilin Sun , Baozhong Shen , Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
    Application of Biomaterials in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration
    [Author(id=1166054206584053872, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054206705688694, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, authorId=1166054206584053872, language=EN, stringName=Zhi Cui, firstName=Zhi, middleName=null, lastName=Cui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=a . Institute of Medical Science & Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
    c . Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054206781186169, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, authorId=1166054206584053872, language=CN, stringName=Zhi Cui, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=a . Institute of Medical Science & Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
    c . Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054206856683643, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054206969929854, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, authorId=1166054206856683643, language=EN, stringName=Baofeng Yang, firstName=Baofeng, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054207150284928, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, authorId=1166054206856683643, language=CN, stringName=Baofeng Yang, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b . Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166054207242559618, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166054207393554565, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, authorId=1166054207242559618, language=EN, stringName=Ren-Ke Li, firstName=Ren-Ke, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=a . Institute of Medical Science & Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
    c . Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166054207490023558, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159828277802098696, authorId=1166054207242559618, language=CN, stringName=Ren-Ke Li, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, c, address=a . Institute of Medical Science & Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
    c . Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Zhi Cui , Baofeng Yang , Ren-Ke Li

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.