PDF(239 KB)
PDF(239 KB)
PDF(239 KB)
我国护理体系现存突出问题的探索及建设策略
Insights into Current Severe Problems with China’s Nursing System, and Construction Strategies
本文运用文献研究法、问卷调查法及专家咨询法来探索当前我国护理体系存在的问题，围绕护理人力资源配置、学科发展建设、护理价值实现三方面分析现存的突出问题并提出对策建议。分析结果表明，护理人力资源配置，在护士数量、学历水平、年龄结构、队伍稳定性等方面存在问题；在护理学科发展建设方面，专业课程设置、人才培养模式、经费投入问题较为突出；护理服务价格偏低、护士收入偏低、护理价值得不到体现同样是阻碍护理事业发展的关键问题。针对上述突出问题，在加强护理队伍建设和提升护理服务质量、加快学科建设和人才培养、健全护理收费标准和提高护士待遇三方面提出对策建议及建设策略，以期为构建新型护理体系提供依据。
Based on a literature review, a questionnaire survey, and expert consultation, this paper provides insights into the severe problems that exist within China’s nursing system; analyzes these problems in terms of the allocation of nursing human resources, the development and construction of the nursing discipline, and nursing value realization; and sets forth countermeasures and suggestions. According to the analysis results, problems exist regarding the allocation of nursing human resources in China, and include the number of nurses, the educational background of nurses, the age structure of nurses, and the stability of the nurse workforce. Professional curriculum design, professional training modes, and financing investments reveal severe problems for the development and construction of the nursing discipline. Nursing services are low priced, nursing income is low, and the value of nursing is underestimated; these circumstances are key problems that hinder the development of the nursing profession. In view of these severe problems, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening nursing team building, improving the quality of nursing services, accelerating nursing discipline construction and professional training, refining the pricing of nursing, and raising nurse treatment and construction strategies, with a view toward providing a basis for building a new nursing system.
护理体系 / 护理服务 / 人力资源 / 护理经济学 / 护理学科建设
nursing system / nursing service / human resource / nursing economics / nursing discipline construction
| [1] |
中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 中国护理事业发展规划纲要(2011—2015年) [J]. 当代护士, 2012, 12(6): 5–8.
|
| [2] |
吴欣娟. 结合护理工作实践贯彻落实《护士条例》 [J]. 护理管理杂志, 2008, 8(5): 6–8.
|
| [3] |
马玉霞. 护理人力资源配置方法的研究进展 [J]. 护理学杂志, 2013, 28(7): 92–95.
|
| [4] |
中国护士网 . 我国注册护士数达324.1万人 [EB/OL]. (2016-05-25) [2016-10-12]. http://www.angel512.com/xinwenzixun/guoneihuli/6828.html.
|
| [5] |
徐奕旻, 吴瑛, 张艳, 等. 全国医院护士人力资源现状的调查 [J]. 中华护理杂志, 2016, 51(7): 819–822.
|
| [6] |
盛汝真. 护理专科生就业现状与对策 [J]. 卫生职业教育, 2015, 33(2): 93–94.
|
| [7] |
王君平. 中国护士数量缺口达百万, 占总人口比仅为世界水平1/5 [N]. 人民日报, 2016-05-20(19).
|
| [8] |
World Health Organization. Strategic directions for strengthening nursing and midwifery services 2011–2015 [EB/OL]. (2012-08-26) [2016-10-10].
|
| [9] |
鲁剑萍, 张洁, 孙慧君, 等. 3级甲等中医医院护理人员离职意愿调查分析 [J]. 上海护理, 2013, 13(2): 15–17.
|
| [10] |
严丽娟. 上海某三甲综合性医院护理人力资源配置及其流动情况分析 [D]. 上海: 复旦大学(硕士学位论文), 2014.
|
| [11] |
罗军飞, 汪迪, 廖小利. 我国护理学二级学科的构建问题研究 [J]. 解放军护理杂志, 2016, 33(3): 56–58.
|
| [12] |
黄婷婷. 中美护理学高职教育课程体系比较研究 [D]. 上海: 第二军医大学( 硕士学位论文), 2015.
|
| [13] |
许乐, 时永超. 本科护理课程的重要性评价及设置现状 [J]. 中华护理教育, 2012, 9(1): 44–46.
|
| [14] |
王若维, 杨庆爱, 张佩, 等. 我国护理人才培养模式的研究现状及设想 [J]. 中华护理教育, 2014,11(6): 81–83.
|
| [15] |
吴文芳, 冷婧, 王贞慧, 等. 中美专科护士培养领域比较研究 [J]. 中国实用护理杂志, 2016, 32(14): 1107–1110.
|
| [16] |
Smith N J. Professional doctorates and nursing practice contribu-tion: A systematic literature search and descriptive synthesis [J]. Journal of Nursing Management, 2013, 21(2): 314–326.
|
| [17] |
Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta Z A, et al. Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world [J]. Education Medical, 2010, 376(2): 1923–1958.
|
| [18] |
王永红, 金钰梅. 护理服务价格的现状分析及建议 [J]. 中国农村卫生事业管理, 2007, 27(8): 618–620.
|
| [19] |
张振忠, 陈增辉, 李敬伟. 2012年版《全国医疗服务价格项目规范》修订原则及思路 [J]. 中国卫生经济, 2013, 32(2): 5–7.
|
| [20] |
喻星旻, 邓爱平, 胡玉红, 等. 重庆市医疗服务价格规范(2014版)与广东省现行医疗服务价格规范之护理项目价格比较分析 [J]. 中国卫生经济, 2015, 34(11): 50–53.
|
| [21] |
Senior Charge Nurse (RN) Salary (United States) [EB/OL]. (2016-12-18) [2016-12-28].
|
| [22] |
沈解红. 护理人员职业认同对职业发展的影响 [J]. 江苏医药, 2016, 42(5): 612–614.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
