重大慢性非传染性疾病包括心脑血管疾病、癌症、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等，其流行给全球居民健康造成了重大威胁。为进一步对慢性病进行有效预防控制，促进健康、推动经济和社会发展，2014年中国工程院立项并开展了“重大慢性非传染性疾病防治的国际对比研究”项目，对国内外慢性病预防控制情况以及可供我们借鉴的经验进行了详细分析。本文从慢性病发病概况入手，分析了各种疾病的预防控制措施，并对不同国家的慢性病预防控制体系进行比较，凝练有益经验和方法，提出了增强我国慢性病预防控制的措施和建议。

Major chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are prevalent in China and around the world, and pose significant health threats. In order to effectively prevent and control chronic diseases, enhance national health, and promote economic and social development, the Chinese Academy of Engineering launched a project in 2014: the International Comparative Study on the Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. This project conducted a series of studies on the prevention and control of chronic diseases at home and abroad. Based on the project report, this paper describes the prevention and control of various chronic diseases, and compares the prevention and control systems of different countries. This paper then proposes measures and recommendations, with the goal of strengthening the prevention and control of chronic diseases in China.