深化生态文明建设的战略布局，客观上要求对我国的生态文明建设与国际进行比较，以确立赶超目标，找准发展重点。本研究构建了生态文明建设国际比较指标体系，以20国集团经济体的生态文明建设状况为评价对象，从生态状况、环境质量、社会发展和资源利用领域展开评价，获得各经济体生态文明指数2017和生态文明建设进步率（1990—2015）。量化评价结果显示，我国的生态文明建设水平排名靠后，与发达国家的最大差距在环境质量上，其次是资源利用效率。但我国在建设进步的速度上遥遥领先于其他经济体，正在奋起直追。本研究提出了提升我国生态文明建设水平的任务层次、战略重点以及赶超先进水平的时间节点。

In order to establish development goals and identify development priorities, deepening the strategic layout for ecological civilization construction in China requires an international comparison of ecological civilization construction in China and abroad. This research establishes an indices system for the international comparison of ecological civilization construction; evaluates the Group of Twenty (G20) economies based on ecological condition, environmental quality, social development, and resources utilization; and ranks the G20 economies on an ecological civilization index 2017 and on an ecological civilization construction progress rate (1990—2015). The results show that China’s level of ecological civilization construction ranks far below those of developed economies, especially in terms of environmental quality and resources utilization. However, China's construction speed ranks first among the G20 economies. This research analyzes the task hierarchies, strategic emphases, and time nodes required for China to catch up with advanced levels of ecological civilization construction.