本研究以主体功能区划作为控制单元进行划分，以水功能区纳污能力作为环境容量基础数据，结合国家环境保护部污染物排放统计数据，分析京津冀和西北五省（自治区）的不同主体功能区的地表水环境容量超载情况。结果显示，在水资源缺乏的京津冀和西北五省（自治区）地区，其重点开发区的氨氮排放入河量均已超出水环境容量，城镇生活污水排放是水环境氨氮容量超载的主要贡献因子。对于农产品主产区和重点生态功能区，京津冀地区水环境的化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮排放量普遍超载，而西北五省（自治区）还有19%~73%的水环境容量剩余。不同主体功能区的环境和产业政策取决于主体功能区的类型和水环境容量的超载情况。

This study discusses the environmental carrying capacity for surface water in different main functional zones in water-deficient areas, such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) and the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions in China. Main function was used as the basic principle to divide control units.This paper analyzes the pollution-bearing capacity of the main functional zones of the Ministry of Water Resources and analyzes pollutant discharge statistics from the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The results show that the ammonia discharge from the priority development regions of Jingjinji and Northwest China is greater than the water environmental carrying capacity, due to emissions from urban life. Pollutant discharge, including chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia, into major agricultural product-producing areas and key protected ecological areas overloaded the capacity of the Jingjinji region, while 19%–73% of the water environmental carrying capacity remained in the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions in China. Therefore, the environmental and industrial policies for different main functional zones depend on the type of functional zone and on the overloaded condition of the water environmental carrying capacity.