我国人均矿产资源严重不足，重要矿产资源对外依存度越来越高。“城市矿山”可作为再生资源循环利用，这是实现经济可持续发展的新方向。本文概述了“城市矿山”的由来、内涵，分析了2006―2016年我国十大类“城市矿山”资源的回收、利用和发展情况，预测了废旧钢铁、有色金属、电子废物、报废汽车等典型“城市矿山”的开发利用潜力，评估了其开发利用在节约资源、保护环境、碳减排和拉动经济方面的贡献，并提出了我国“城市矿山”开发利用的战略及相关政策建议。

China is experiencing a serious shortage of certain mineral reserves, and several important mineral resources are increasingly supplied via foreign imports. This paper proposes urban mining as a promising means of conserving resources and facilitating sustainable economic growth. The author summarizes the origin and meaning of urban mining, and analyzes the development of the ten main types of urban mining in China from 2006 to 2016, which include: scrap iron and steel, scrap non-ferrous metals, electronic waste, and end-of-life vehicles. Next, the author predicts the resource development and utilization potential of urban mining, and evaluates the contribution of urban mining to resource conservation, environmental protection, carbon emissions reduction, and economic development. Based on these analyses, the author presents strategic and policy suggestions to promote urban mining development in China.