本文从设计施工、环境侵蚀、突发自然灾害及突发事故灾害四个方面，分析了我国隧道衬砌结构安全所面临的问题；对上海地区黄浦江越江隧道和地下交通隧道等水下隧道工程进行了调查，重点分析了我国在役水下隧道衬砌结构服役的现状。并基于此，为有效保障隧道结构全寿命周期过程中的安全服役性能，及预留隧道结构长寿命有效条件，从隧道建设、结构性能退化、自然灾害、突发事故灾害等方面入手，探寻我国水下隧道结构的长寿命安全保障对策，以确保在隧道的全寿命周期内乃至长寿命要求下结构的安全服役性能。研究成果可为保障我国水下隧道等重大隧道结构的长寿命安全提供参考。

This paper analyzes four aspects of the safety problems in tunnel lining structures: design and construction, environmental erosion, sudden natural disasters, and sudden accidents. A survey of underwater tunneling such as the Huangpu River’s cross-river tunnel and the underground traffic tunnel in Shanghai was carried out, and the status quo of China’s underwater tunnel lining structure was analyzed. Based on these analyses, countermeasures guaranteeing the long-life security of underwater tunnel structures are being sought regarding tunnel construction, structural performance degradation, sudden natural disasters, and sudden accidents. These countermeasures are being sought to effectively protect and ensure the service performance of the tunnel structures during their entire life cycle. These security measures can ensure the safe performance of the structure during its entire life cycle, even under long service times. This research can serve as a reference for enhancing the structural security of underwater tunnels and other major tunnel structures.