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高原冻土区公路路基病害及工程对策
Distresses and Countermeasures of Highway Subgrade in Plateau Permafrost Regions
本文分析了青藏公路60多年来的历次改建及病害资料，以道路病害率为依据将青藏公路分为稳定区、基本稳定区、不稳定区和极不稳定区；选取了134 km典型病害路段，分析年平均地温、冻土上限退化速率、含冰量与道路病害关系，确定各因素影响下道路的平均使用年限；研究热棒、片块石、保温板、通风管路基处治效果，以及各处治措施实施后引发的新工程病害，分析新生病害的时间效应，并介绍了弥散式通风路基、单向导热板路基和路基路面一体化散热结构等适用于大尺度冻土路基的新型稳定技术。研究结果表明：年平均地温、冻土上限退化速率、含冰量等因素与道路使用寿命均为负相关关系，在各类处治措施中，热棒、片块石、保温板、通风管加片块石对病害预防的有效率较高。
This study collects the maintenance history, reconstruction material, and disease data of the Qinghai–Tibet Highway (QTH) over the past 60 years. The QTH is then divided into a stable region, a basically stable region, an unstable region, and a highly unstable region according to the road disease rate. Subsequently, 134 km typical disease sections are selected, and the relations between the road diseases and the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), permafrost degradation rate, and ice content are studied based on the survey data. The average road service life is also determined. Newly developed diseases and their temporal effect are analyzed using the treatment measure. Furthermore, new stabilizing technologies adaptive to large-scale permafrost subgrade (e.g., distributed ventilation subgrade, unidirectional heat conduction board subgrade, and integrated pavement-subgrade heat drainage structure) are introduced. The results show that the MAGT, degradation rate of permafrost tables, and ice content are negatively related to the road service life. In all kinds of treatment measures, thermosyphon, crushed-rock, insulation board, and ventilation duct plus flag and block stone have a higher effective rate in heat prevention compared to other measures.
多年冻土 / 时间尺度效应 / 路基病害 / 现场调查 / 大尺度路基 / 稳定技术
permafrost / temporal effect / subgrade distress / field investigation / large-scale subgrade / stabilizing technology
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