核能是优化我国能源结构，降低二氧化碳排放的重要能源形式之一。近期我国的核能仍然将以压水堆为主，但压水堆的长期发展将带来铀资源缺乏和放射性废物处置的问题。研究表明基于快堆的闭式燃料循环可通过多次的循环有效增殖核燃料，同时具备嬗变6座以上同等规模压水堆产生的锕系核素（MA）的能力。根据我国快堆 “实验堆–示范堆–商用堆”三阶段发展战略，同时结合我国核电起步较晚的国情，建议在2050年之前主要实施快堆增殖核燃料，在2050年之后实施MA嬗变的技术路线。

Nuclear energy is one of the important energy that can optimize the energy structure and reduce carbon emissions. For the near term, the development of nuclear energy in China will still be dominated by pressured water reactors (PWRs), but long-term utilization of PWRs will result in the problems of uranium resources shortage and radioactive waste disposal. According to studies, the closed fuel cycle based on the fast reactor can effectively breed the nuclear fuel through multiple cycles, and meanwhile burn Minor Actinides (MA) produced in over six PWRs with the same capacity. According to the three-stage strategy of "experimental reactor–demonstration reactor–commercial reactor" of the fast reactor in China, as well as the situation that nuclear power development started late in China, a road map is suggested for the development of the fast reactor in China, in which the main mission for the fast reactor is to breed nuclear fuels till 2050, and to burn MA after 2050.