本文从制造业面临的问题和挑战、新一代人工智能技术带来的重大机遇、新一轮工业革命的核心技术等方面论述了新一代智能制造的发展背景。通过分析智能制造的发展演进过程，指出传统制造向智能制造发展的过程是从原来的“人–物理”二元系统（HPS）向新的“人–信息–物理”三元系统（HCPS）发展的过程。HCPS揭示了智能制造发展的基本原理，是支撑新一代智能制造发展的理论基础。基于HCPS和智能制造的系统集成，从给制造业带来的革命性变化、给人类社会带来的革命性变化等方面描述了新一代智能制造的愿景。

This paper first discusses development of the new-generation intelligent manufacturing from the aspects of problems and challenges of the manufacturing industry, major opportunities brought by new-generation artificial intelligence, and core technologies of the new round of industrial revolution. By analyzing the evolution process of intelligent manufacturing, this paper points out that the process of development from traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing is also a process of development from the original human-physical systems (HPS) to a human-cyber-physical systems (HCPS). HCPS reveals the basic principles of intelligent manufacturing development and is the theoretical basis for supporting the development of the new-generation intelligent manufacturing. Based on system integration of HCPS and intelligent manufacturing, the prospect of the new-generation intelligent manufacturing is described from the perspective of the revolutionary changes brought to the manufacturing sector and to human society.