本文依据中国工程院最新观点性文章《走向新一代智能制造》，结合航空工业智能制造的演进路径，从传统研制方式人–物理系统入手，分析了飞机制造业的数字化到智能化的发展。对飞机基于模型的数字定义，到基于信息–物理系统的数字定义进行了阐述。新一代智能制造就是在新一代信息技术（云计算、物联网、移动通信、大数据、智能制造）的支持下，实现与人、设备和物料的深度融合，其典型特点就是数字主线使能的数字孪生。

Based on the latest Perspective article from Engineering, a journal of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Toward New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing, and combined with the evolutionary path of intelligent manufacturing in the aviation industry, this paper starts with the traditional human–physical systems (HPS), analyzes the transition from digital to intelligent development of the aircraft manufacturing industry, and expounds the transition of aircrafts from model-based digital definition to digital definition based on the cyber–physical systems (CPS). The new-generation intelligent manufacturing relies on the new-generation information technologies such as cloud technology, Internet of Things, mobile communication, big data, and artificial intelligence to achieve deep integration with humans, equipment, and materials, and its typical feature is the digital twin enabled by the digital thread.