21 世纪中叶我国将处于全面实现现代化和走向全球化时期，在此期间我国将面临人口老龄化、劳动力不足和资源短缺。这一时期是人与资源矛盾最尖锐时期，也是环境治理最艰难时期。为确保粮食与食物安全、资源安全与生态环境安全，中国工程院成立重大咨询项目“中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究”，旨在“分析形势，寻找对策”。依据中央的“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的新发展理念，提出“全面实施农业创新驱动战略”“深入推进农业可持续发展战略”和“实施农业走出去的全球化战略”三大战略方向，八项战略性转变，十六条有关资源节约、环境保护、结构调整、区域布局等战略性措施和十项重大工程。

In the middle of the 21st century, China will be in a period of comprehensive modernization and globalization. China will be faced with the aging population, manpower shortage, and resource shortage. The contradiction between human and resources will be quite sharp, and the environmental governance will become very tough. To ensure the security of food, resources, and ecological environment, the Chinese Academy of Engineering set up a major consulting project named "Research on Key Strategic Issues of Agricultural Resource and Environment in China" to analyze the situation and seek for countermeasures. In accordance with the central government's new development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing,” this project put forward three strategic directions of "full implementation of the agricultural innovation-driven strategy," "in-depth promotion of the agricultural sustainable development strategy" and "implementation of the agricultural globalization strategy." Eight strategic changes, sixteen strategic measures related to resource conservation, environmental protection, structural adjustment, and regional distribution, as well as ten major projects were put forward.