农业面源污染是造成我国水环境污染的主要因素之一，具有随机性强、污染排放不固定、污染负荷变化大等特点，防治较点源污染更为困难，了解农业面源污染现状及其防控技术是进行面源污染治理的前提。本文概述了农业面源污染成因及其现状，指出种植业中肥料的不合理施用和规模化畜禽养殖排污是当前最重要的农业面源污染来源，较全面地介绍了种植业和畜禽养殖业中较为成熟的面源污染防控技术，提出“源头控制为主、过程阻控与末端治理相结合”是当前进行农业面源污染防控的主要途径，应因地制宜地采用相应的面源污染防控技术，实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的同步发展。

Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main factors causing water pollution in China. Due to its characteristics of randomness, unfixed pollution discharge, and changes in pollution load, it is more difficult to control and prevent the pollution from non-point sources than that from point sources. Making clear of the current situation of non-point agricultural pollution and its prevention and control technologies is the premise of non-point pollution control. This paper summarizes the causes and present situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and points out that the unreasonable fertilizer application and the pollutant discharge from large-scale livestock and poultry breeding farms are the most important sources of agricultural non-point pollution. The current mature non-point source pollution prevention and control techniques in planting and livestock industry are introduced. It also proposes that the combination of source control, process control, and end treatment is the most important prevention method for agricultural non-point source pollution. Corresponding prevention and control technologies of non-point source pollution should be adopted according to local conditions to realize the simultaneous development of environmental, economic, and social benefits.