随着我国经济的快速发展，大量污染物进入农产品产地环境并逐渐超过其容量限制，引发诸多环境问题，污染事件层出不穷，农产品产量下降、质量降低，严重影响我国农业生产和农村经济的可持续发展。南方地区城镇化起步早、发展快，初期经济发展均以牺牲环境为代价，特别是土壤重金属污染问题突出，同时南方地区广泛分布的酸雨污染则强化了问题的严重性。本文以长江沿岸的主要农产品产地为研究对象，系统论述了水、土、气等多种环境要素的质量现状，并基于自然因素与人类活动影响探讨了污染成因，提出环境污染防治策略，对于提升南方农产品产地环境污染治理的科学性，保障农业可持续发展、农产品质量安全、生态环境安全和人民群众健康安全都具有重要意义。

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, a large number of pollutants have entered the environment of agricultural producing areas and gradually exceeded its capacity limits, leading to substantial environmental problems and pollution incidents, as well as decline in output and quality of agricultural products, which has seriously impacts on the sustainable development of China’s agricultural production and rural economy. Urbanization in Southern China started early and developed rapidly, initially at the expense of the environment. Consequently, the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil becomes prominent and is aggravated by the widespread acid rain pollution in Southern China. This paper focuses on main agricultural producing areas along the Yangtze River and systematically discusses quality conditions of various environmental elements such as water, soil, and air. In addition, it investigates the causes of pollution from the aspects of natural factors and influences of human activities, and ultimately provides prevention and control strategies for the pollution, which can be of great significance in promoting the scientific nature of environmental pollution control in the agricultural producing areas in Southern China, ensuring agricultural sustainable development, quality safety of agricultural products, and ecological environment safety, and guaranteeing people’s health and safety.