鄱阳湖平原作为长江中下游平原的重要组成部分，是我国重要的商品粮生产基地，总体环境质量较好，土壤重金属污染处于中低等程度，且污染点位占比较低。以鄱阳湖作为南方农产品产地环境防治的系统工程与案例，与保护优先的环境保护理念相一致，具有典型性和代表性。本文阐明了鄱阳湖平原的主要环境问题并解析其成因，提出基于山水林田湖系统防治理念的环境质量提升对策和重点工程，对于鄱阳湖流域农产品主产地的环境质量改善具有重要的指导意义。结果表明，鄱阳湖平原环境污染以土壤重金属污染为主，生活源污染占比增加，畜禽养殖污染未能得到有效控制，且工矿企业和土壤重金属背景值是引起污染的主要诱因。基于此，应在以下三方面强化落实：一是多环境要素有机结合，强化系统防治与统一监管；二是以水环境质量为核心，提升管理精细化水平；三是重视环境应急预案，严控污染源进入土壤。

As an important part of the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, the Poyang Lake Plain is an important commodity grain production base in China, with a good environmental quality, a low level of heavy metal pollution in soil, and a low ratio of pollution sites. Therefore, environmental protection system engineering in Poyang Lake agrees with the environmental protection concept of giving priority to protection, and could be a typical and representative case for the agricultural producing areas in Southern China. This paper clarifies the main environmental problems of the Poyang Lake Plain and analyzes the causes. It proposes environmental quality improvement measures and key projects based on a landscape-forest-lake systemic protection concept, which has important guiding significance for the improvement of environmental quality of the main agricultural producing areas in the Poyang Lake area. The results show that environmental pollution in the Poyang Lake Plain is dominated by heavy metal pollution in soil, the proportion of living-source pollution is increased, livestock and poultry breeding pollution has not yet been effectively curbed, and industrial and mining enterprises as well as the background value of heavy metals in soil are the main causes of pollution. Accordingly, measures should be implemented in the following three aspects. First, multiple environmental factors should be combined to strengthen systematic protection and unified supervision. Second, meticulous management should be performed by focusing on the water environment quality. Third, we should attach importance to environmental emergency plans and strictly control the pollution sources that may enter into the soil.