近年来，我国在科技领域取得了巨大的进步，但明显存在关键技术的“卡脖子”问题。为了有效地推动我国科学技术源头创新，从根本上解决“卡脖子”问题，必须回归基础研究。为探究基础研究催生颠覆性技术，本文阐述了基础研究的内涵，并根据基础研究面向的目标，将基础研究分为四大类型：面向重大科学目标的基础研究、国家需求牵引的基础研究、以人才为本的自由探索型基础研究和以实际应用为目标的基础研究；在分析各类型基础研究特点及发展需求的基础上，提出实施差异化的稳定支持、促进全链条颠覆性技术创新的发展建议。

In recent years, China has made great progress in science and technology, but still falls behind in terms of key technologies. To promote original innovation in science and technology and fundamentally overcome its weakness in key technologies, China should focus on basic research. To explore how basic research creates disruptive technologies, this paper expounds the connotation of basic research, and categorizes basic research into four types according to its targets: basic research toward major scientific objectives, basic research driven by national demands, talent-based basic research for free exploration, and basic research aimed at practical application. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and development needs of various types of basic research, we put forward a development suggestion of providing differentiated and stable support to promote whole-chain disruptive technology innovation.