煤炭是我国的优势矿产资源，在能源结构中具有基础性地位。作为全球煤炭资源开发利用大国，新形势下我国建设煤炭资源强国的重要性日益凸显。本文在界定煤炭资源强国概念与内涵的基础上，辨识了煤炭资源强国的主体要素特征，并从绿色煤炭资源、工程技术、人才教育、企业经济、“一带一路”等要素层面，全面评价了我国实现煤炭资源强国的差距，进而明确了构建煤炭资源强国的战略目标与路径，最终提出了相应的政策建议。研究发现，我国已经具备建设煤炭资源强国的基础，但在煤炭资源勘探开发与转化利用相关的技术、产业、市场等方面仍存在诸多问题。实现煤炭资源强国，亟待强化绿色煤炭资源基础、工程科技创新能力、企业发展与市场环境建设以及人才与制度保障，系统提升煤炭工业的全球竞争力。

As the preponderant mineral resources in China, coal plays a dominant role in the country's energy structure. China has become the largest producer and consumer of coal resources in the world. To suit this new situation, it is urgent to build China into a “great power of coal resources”. First, we clarify the emerging concept and characteristics of “great power of coal resources”. Next, we assess the current status and challenges of China's coal industry from the aspects of green resources, engineering technology, talent education, enterprise economy, and “the Belt and Road” development. Finally, we propose the strategic targets and paths to achieve “great power of coal resources” in China. Corresponding policy proposals for the development of China’s coal industry are offered. China’s coal industry has its advantages in resource supply and utilization capacities but is uncompetitive in technologies, industries, and markets associated with exploration, development, and utilization of the coal resources. To develop a “great power of coal resources”, China needs to increase the reserves of green coal resources, promote the innovation capability of engineering technology, optimize the enterprise development and market environment, provide strong personnel and institutional guarantee, and thus improve the international competitiveness of China's coal industry.