我国“三稀矿产”总体上资源丰富，既是资源大国，也是主要生产国和出口国，但往往因为深加工技术落后、环境代价太大、战略意识不强等原因而始终拿不到市场的话语权。中国已经进入科技创新引领社会发展的关键时期，“三稀矿产”恰恰具有无限的创新潜力。本文通过梳理2011年以来全国“三稀矿产”资源调查和找矿过程中积累的资料，概略性地总结了我国稀有、稀土和稀散元素矿产的主要特点，提出了一些开发利用建议，进一步强调“稀土不土，稀有常有，稀散不散”的禀赋特征，提出了开发利用过程中“稀土管得着，稀有找得到，稀散用得好”的基本思路。

China is rich in rear earth, rear metal, and rare-scattered element (RRR) minerals in general, and is a major producer and exporter. However, owing to backward deep-processing technologies, high environmental costs, poor strategic awareness, and other reasons, China still doesn’t have a say in the global RRR mineral market. As China has entered a critical period where technological innovation drives social development, the RRR minerals become vital because of their unlimited potentials for innovation. In this paper, based on the data accumulated during the investigation and prospecting of the RRR minerals since 2011, we briefly summarize the main characteristics of the RRR minerals, propose some suggestions for their development and utilization, and further emphasize the basic idea that “rare earth should be regulated, rare metal should be found when needed, and rare-scattered elements should be well used.”