中国学界已经普遍认识到乡村问题能否妥善解决事关中国现代化的成败和社会的长期稳定。在新型城镇化背景下，本文着眼于我国新型城镇化政策的关键 “既要现代化的城市，也要现代化的乡村”，在经济、土地、管理制度、环境、文化等方面，探索满足乡村地区现代化需要的重要手段。通过文献分析、实地调研和系统研究后发现，村镇规划建设与管理，已被国际经验证明是引导农村有序健康发展的重要力量。因此，针对乡村发展滞后和“乡村病”频发的现实，立足于乡村地区差异化、多元化、绿色化的发展趋势，建立一套有序引导乡村现代化发展的规划理论和方法至关重要。其关键在于尊重乡村发展规律、构建城乡一体且城乡有别的制度、完善适应乡村发展建设和保护需要的技术手段。同时也提出村镇规划、建设与管理制度改革的具体建议，包括法规制定、制度创新、乡土设计、平台管理、环境整治和空间建设等方面。

Chinese academia has generally recognized that the proper solving of rural issues is vital to China’s modernization and long-term stability of society. In the context of new urbanization, the paper focuses on the key to China's new urbanization policy, which is “to modernize not only the city, but also the rural area”. It also explores important means to satisfy the needs for the modernization of rural areas, in terms of economy, land, management, environment, and culture. Through literature analysis, field investigation, and systematic research, it is internationally proved that proper planning, construction, and management of villages and towns can help guide the orderly and healthy development of rural areas. Therefore, to promote rural development and address the existing “rural problems”, it is crucial for China to establish a set of planning theories and methods to guide the modernization of rural areas, based on rural differentiation, diversification, and greenization. The key lies in respecting the law of rural development, building an integrated urban-rural system with urban-rural distinction, and improving the technical means required in rural development, construction, and protection. Specific proposals on the reform of village planning, construction, and management are also put forward, including laws formulation, system innovation, local design, platform management, environmental renovation, and space construction.